الفهرس 
ABSTRACT
Background and previous workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Demand of freshwater supplies in arid and semi -arid countries worldwide is on the rise because of increasing populations and limited water supplies . this problem is exemplified in countries of north Africa and the Middle East , where scarcity of water resources is contributing to create critical problems, example of these countries is Egypt it is mainly an agrarian country and lies mainly within the hyper arid desert environment , where water resources are critically important .a Egypt has a rapidly growing population that exceeds 90 million people, concentrated in less than 5% of its land area , whereas most of Egypt is barren desert that is uninhabited or sparsely populated.