الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nanoparticles being very small in size have a large surface area. This large area changed the properties of the chemical compound making it an area of research and interest to nowaday scientists.
Silica is a chemical compound with the formula SiO2. It is one of the most abundant materials existing as several minerals and also produced synthetically. It is mainly used in the following:
• As an additive for rubber and plastics.
• As a strengthening filler for concrete and other construction composites.
• As a stable, non-toxic platform for biomedical applications such as drug delivery.
Silica nanoparticles effect on the pulmonary alveoli is an area of study due to the fact that the lung is the second organ for the silica to pass through following an intravenous injection (the first being the heart). Also the fact that it has an immune role being part of the reticuloendothelial system causes the macrophages to scavenge the nanoparticle and initiate an inflammatory reaction.
The present work aimed to see the effect of 10-20nm silica nanoparticles on the pulmonary alveoli of adult male albino rats after different durations.
The present study was carried out on forty adult male albino rats, each of an average weight ranging from 100-120 gm. In the experiment, the animals were randomly divided into 2 groups:
Group I (control group): 10 adult male rats serving as control were injected intravenous with 0.9% sodium chloride.
Group II (experimental group): 30 adult male rats they were divided into:
Subgroup IIA: consists of 10 rats injected intravenous with 7 mg/ Kg body weight of silica nanoparticles (10-20 nanometer in diameter) and sacrificed after five days.
Subgroup IIB: consists of 10 adult male rats injected intravenous with 7 mg/ Kg body weight of silica nanoparticles (10-20 nanometer in diameter) and sacrificed after twenty one days.
Subgroup IIC: consists of 10 rats injected intravenous with 7 mg/ Kg body weight of silica nanoparticles (10-20 nanometer in diameter) and sacrificed after sixty days.