الفهرس 
Chapter OneOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 16 |  |  |
| | | from | 16 | | |
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in adults have significant impact on both physical and psychological health. In addition, psychological disorders such as depression occur with increased frequency in obese adult’s Overweight adults are more likely to have cardiovascular and digestive diseases as compared with those who are lean. It is believed that both over-consumption of calories and reduced physical activity are mainly involved in obesity. A number of potential effective plans can be implemented to target built environment, physical activity, and diet. However, further research needs to examine the most effective strategies of intervention, prevention, and treatment of obesity. These strategies should be culture specific, ethnical, and consider the socio economical aspects of the targeted population
As the prevalence and costs of health conditions associated with excess weight continue to rise, efforts to treat and prevent these conditions have become increasingly important. And while community prevention efforts are necessary components to tackle obesity, recognition and treatment of obesity as a medical condition is also essential
Addressing these five areas for action would help ensure improvements across the health care delivery system in the quality of care for patients with obesity. First, monitoring weight and health risks would generate a consistent, long-term picture of the patient’s health status and improve the chances of early intervention. In addition, the measurement and explanation of health indicators to patients provides the opportunity for a discussion of weight focused on health improvement rather than appearance. It also allows the opportunity to clearly show an improvement in health over time or decreased risk of weight-related diseases as a result of sustained weight loss .Second, assessing patient motivation is clearly a crucial aspect of primary care for obesity and one of the hardest aspects for many providers. Opinions about patient motivation vary widely, but roundtable participants generally agreed that the patient-provider relationship is a key factor. This suggests that research on stigma, patient-provider relationships in obese populations and the effect of these relationships on weight loss counseling is necessary for future improvement in primary care. Third, clearly and sensibly defining success from a medical perspective is also very important for obesity treatment, both for the patient and provider. Patients and providers tend to expect significantly higher weight loss than is necessary for health improvement or practical as a short-term goal. The adoption of reasonable and evidence-based goals for weight loss in obesity treatment must be a priority for provider groups and the development of guidelines in the future. Fourth, increasing integration and care coordination is particularly important for obese patients who may have multiple co-morbidities and require treatment by a team of professionals to effectively manage their health. Finally As a greater understanding of obesity and the effects of excess weight on health is achieved, disseminating tools and research to practicing physicians will be essential. Future research efforts should focus on maintenance as a critical phase of weight management, even though it receives much less attention than weight loss. In their practices, physicians are likely to confront patients struggling with maintaining weight loss and the disappointment of those who have regained weight. Large-scale, targeted research is needed to uncover successful methods for preventing weight gain, maintaining weight loss, and helping patients cope with the challenges of long-term weight management.