الفهرس 
AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This thesis aimed to study dynamics of the color Doppler blood flow of ovarian follicles, corpus luteum and uterus in mares during the estrous cycle. In addition, mid-pregnant mares were also examined by both color and spectral Doppler modes to evaluate fetal and maternal development. Five non-pregnant mares underwent daily Doppler ultrasonographic examinations during estrous cycle and five pregnant mares were subjected to weekly examination with collecting blood samples. Estradiol, progesterone, leptin, nitric oxide and insulin like growth factor –I were measured. Compared to the other follicles studied, the periovulatory follicle had significantly been increasing in power blood flow area, blood flow area away probe and colored pixels percent of the follicle area without antrum, but decreasing in colored blood flow area toward probe from day -6 till day 0. Days after ovulation significantly (P<0.0001) affected each follicle blood flow, dimensions, estradiol (E2), NO, IGF-1 and leptin. selection of the next dominant follicle started from day 4, but deviation completed on day 12 where the dominant follicle attained highest blood flow area away probe and percent of colored pixels of follicle without antrum, leptin, IGF-1 and NO with high power blood flow but with low blood flow area toward the probe. The corpus luteum diameter, circumference, area and volume, power Doppler increased reaching the maximum values on day 11. The relatively high estradiol, leptin, IGF-1 and NO during growth phase compared to static one indicated a role enhancing angiogenesis and CL development. Duration between the week (14 and 25), eye ball orbital diameter, brain, utero-placental thickness, uterine and umbilical blood flow increased but spectral Doppler indices of both uterine and umbilical arteries decreased. In conclusion, blood flow during estrous and pregnancy could be used to predict the periovulatory follicle, corpus luteum development, the next dominant and subordinate follicles in addition to the normal uterine hemodynamics before and after ovulation as well as fetal and placental progress.