الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the gender effect of tartrazine toxicity in rats. Two experiments were performed, the first experiment aimed to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of tartrazine at dose of (200mg/kg) on male and female rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 served as non treated control males, group 2 served as non treated control females, group 3 males treated with tartrazine and Group 4 females treated with tartrazine . All animals were treated with oral daily gavage for sixty days. Depending on the results of the first experiment, the second experiment was designed. The second experiment aimed to assess the effect of gender on tartrazine toxicity. Male rats were castrated to remove effects of male hormones. Female rats were ovariohysterectomized to remove female hormones. The animals were divided into 4 groups (20 animals /group). Group 5 served as control castrated males, group 6 served as control ovariohysterectomized females, group 7 treated castrated males and group 8 treated ovariohysterectomized females. Body weights were recorded weekly and the whole blood, serum and tissue samples were collected at 2nd,4th, 6th, and 8th weeks for hematological and biochemical analysis. Reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in the liver tissue as indicator for oxidative stress. Histopathological studies of brain, liver, kidneys, stomach, testis, and ovaries were performed. The genotoxic effect was measured by analysis the DNA damage by comet assay. All treated groups showed increase in the levels of biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, total protein, urea, and uric acid) but these were more significant in female treated group compared to other groups. The results of oxidative stress parameters indicate reduction in GSH, SOD in all treated groups and these were more significant in female treated group. However the result of MDA indicate increase in the groups treated with tartrazine and it was more significant in female treated group. Multiple pathological lesions developed in brain, liver, and kidney but there were more sever in female treated groups when compared to other treated groups. Tartrazine has genotoxic effects which was more significant in female treated groups. In conclusion, Tartrazine has toxic effects on male and female rats. The toxic effects were prominent in female rats compared to male rats. Female hormones have pronounced effects in tartrazine toxicity.