الفهرس 
3.1. Plant Description of Lagenaria siceraria and ClassificationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Yaqtin [Lagenaria siceraria, (Molina) Standley (Family Cucurbitaceae)] covering views of Islamic Scholars and folk medicinal uses. The word Yaqtin has been mentioned once in the holy Qura’n in one sura, As-Saaffat, with reference to Prophet Yunus (Jonah) Alaissalam. Almost all the Islamic Scholars have interpreted Yaqtin in the meaning of creeping plant or gourd (L. siceraria) in their commentaries (Tafaseer) on the Holy Qur’an. The gourd is one of the excellent fruits gifted by God to human beings having composition of all the essential constituents that are required for good health. Its various parts have been widely used in traditional medicine. They have also been used as folk remedies to treat various ailments such as skin irritation, jaundice, diabetes, ulcers, fever, asthma and other bronchial disorders. The fruit is diuretic, tonic for the liver and brain, antipyretic, aphrodisiac, purgative, cooling, excellent remedy for heart problems, urinary disorders. The fruit juice is helpful in constipation. It helps in losing weight quickly, because of its high dietary fiber and low fat and cholesterol content. The edible portion of fruits is fair source of ascorbic acid, beta carotene and good source of vitamin B complex, pectin dietary soluble fibers and contains highest source of choline level-anisotropic factor . Fruits of the sweet variety contain carbohydrates (2.5%), protein (0.2%), and fat (0.1%) (ether extract), fibers (0.6%), mineral matter (0.5%), calcium and phosphorous (≤0.01%). Other mineral reported to be present include iron (0.7 mg/100 g), sodium (11.0 mg/100 g), and iodine (4.5 μg/kg). The fruit also contains 15.8 μg/g retinol. The amino acid composition of the fruit is as follows: leucines, 0.8; phenylalanine, 0.9; valine, 0.3; tyrosine, 0.4; alanine, 0.5; threonine, 0.2; glutamic acid, 0.3; serine, 0.6; aspartic acid, 1.9; cystine, 0.6; cystiene, 0.3; arginine, 0.4; and proline, 0.3 mg/g. The edible portion contains: thiamine, 44 μg; riboflavin, 23 μg; niacin 0.33 mg; and ascorbic acid, 13 mg/100 g. It contains of choline. The fruit is considered a good source of vitamin C, β-carotene, vitamin B-complex, pectin, and also, at 16.02 mg/g (dry basis), to contain the highest level of choline - a lipotropic factor. Fruits also contain two triterpenoids, 22-deoxocurcubitacin-d, and 22-deoxoisocurcubitacin d. The fruit skin contains crude protein, 17.5%; cellulose, 18.1%; and lignin, 8.0 %. A water soluble cytotoxic polysaccharide, isolated from fruit of L. siceraria is composed of methyl-α-d-galactuoronate 3-O-acetyle methyl-α-d-galacuoronate and β-d-galactose polyphenol . Methanol extract of fruits was found to contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates and terpenoids. A novel ribosome inactivating protein, lagenin has been isolated from seeds of Lagenariasiceraria. Fruits are reported to contain more soluble dietary fibers than insoluble cellulose fibers. The fruits are considered as good source of vitamin C, β-carotene, vitamin B-complex, pectin and alsocontain highest choline level- a lipoprotic factor. Few of these primary and secondary metabolites have been implicated in the reported uses of Lagenaria siceraria fruits. This research aimed to find out the effect of the Lagenaria siceraria juice on liver and heart of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and isoproterenol (ISO). As well as tretment of random sample of some patients with liver disease and other healthy. The study is divided into 3 parts Part I Experimental design Fifty six adult male albino rats of an average weight (138±8g) and age (3 months), rats divided into two groups with similar total body weight and were housed individually in the wire cage. o The group1 use in fixation of optimum dosage of Langenaria siceraria fruit juice (LSFJ): A pilot study was carried out to establish the optimum dose of the drugs which exhibits maximum cardio protective effect during 30 days, infected with CCl4, At the end of treatment period; 30 ml/kg /day, p.o. was found to be the most effective dosage of LSFJ in functional recovery and this dose was selected for further evaluation in the present study. 21 rats divided as follows: a. 3 rats control fed on basic meal. b. - 9 rats fed on basic meal and LSFJ (Yaqtin) in doses (30 ml/kg, p.o, 20 ml/kg, p.o, 10 ml/kg, p.o) for two weeks. c. 9 rats fed on a basic meal and feeding LSFJ in dose (30 ml / kg / day - 20 ml / kg / day p.o - 10 ml / kg p.o / day p.o) for two weeks then infected with CCl4. D. After analysis liver functions and kidney determined the most effective dose of 30 ml / kg / day. o The group 2 use in the main Experimental design The 35 rats were divided into main seven groups; all groups of rats were fed on the experimental diet for 33 days (5 rats) per group according to the following groups: Group1: control group (-) SUMMARY 116 And used as a negative control group for all groups of rats and fed.