الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of some herbal extracts against multidrug resistant bacteria either alone or in synergism with antibiotics as a hope to be alternative approach to the antibiotic traditional way in microbial infection treatment and control.
The results reported that K. pneumoniae,E. coliand SalmonellaTyphimuriumand Enterococcus faecalisisolates obtained from different sources.Isolates were characterized via biochemical identification to confirm the culturing results. Antibiotic imipenem was the most effective against all isolates withpercentage of sensitivity 100%. In case of K. pneumoniae, colistin sensitivity was 100%, while other antibiotics mostly were resistant. In case of E. coli isolates the colistin and chloramphenicol sensitivity was 96% followed by ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, sulphamethoxazol/ trimethoprim, cefotaxin, tetracycline, ceftraxin, ampicillin while penicillin, amoxicillin clavulanate and erythromycin were resistant with percentage of 100%. In case of Salmonella Typhimurium sensitivity reach 100% to the following antibiotics impienem, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin followed by chloramphenicol, ceftraxin and amoxicillin clavulanate with percentage of 80%.While Salmonella Typhimuriumwas resistant to clindamycin, tetracycline, penicillin, cefotaxin, colistin and erythromycin.
Enterococcus faecalisstrains were sensitive toampicillin with percentage of 100% and ciprofloxacin antibiotic (91%), followed by Amoxicillin clavulanate, sulphamethoxazol/trimethoprim and gentamicin(83%). While they were less sensitive to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, penicillin,cefotaxin, colistin clindamycin, cefotaxin and erythromycin.Clove oil, cinnamon,liqurous, thyme, green tea and ginger were used to treat multidrug resistant bacteria.Different concentration of plant extracts against bacterial isolates were tested (50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.2% and 3.1%) and the highest concentration 50% of all plant extracts gave the highest inhibition zones with all tested bacteria, followed by concentration 25%.Meanwhile, in case of concentration (12.5%) moderate effect was obtained. Some plant extracts affected only on some tested bacteria.Interestingly, some plant extracts didn’t showany inhibition zones even in concentration 50%. Also, the results indicated that cinnamon and clove oil were the most effective plant extracts against all tested bacterial strains andliqurous, thyme and green tea had moderate antimicrobial activity and ginger had very weak efficiency against tested bacterial strains.The result of combination between resistant liqurousextract and resistant antibiotics indicatedthat some bacteria which were resistant to antibiotics became sensitive.