الفهرس 
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Abstract
Until recently, the assessment made by the primary care provider regarding screening for breast cancer was generally limited to decisions about when to initiate mammography. Early diagnosis was stressed as the best protection against breast cancer morbidity. However, there have been recent developments in the ability to predict and modify breast cancer risk. It is therefore important for the primary care provider to be able to identify women at higher risk for breast cancer and be familiar with issues regarding screening and risk reduction. [1]
Each year 170,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer; screening for breast cancer is one of the topics that primary care providers should address with their patients. [1]
Several approaches are available for identifying women with a higher than average risk of breast cancer. These include an assessment of family history with genetic testing consideration; a review of clinical history, including prior breast biopsies; and the evaluation of mammographic density. [1]
The incidence of breast cancer varies greatly around the world: it is lowest in less-developed countries and greatest in the more-developed countries. In the twelve world regions, the annual age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 women are as follows: in Eastern Asia, 18; South Central Asia, 22; sub-Saharan Africa, 22; South-Eastern Asia, 26; North Africa and Western Asia, 28; South and Central America, 42; Eastern Europe, 49; Southern Europe, 56; Northern Europe, 73; Oceania, 74; Western Europe, 78; and in North America, 90. [2]
The number of cases worldwide has significantly increased since the 1970s, a.