الفهرس 
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Abstract
Typhoid fever is a systemic bacterial disease caused by the highly virulent and invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and affects only human. S. Typhi is a motile Gram-negative facultative anaerobic rod-shaped bacterium that is closely related to Escherichia coli in the family Enterobacteriaceae. (Todar,2008)
These organisms cause both severe typhoid and mild paratyphoid fever illnesses in crowded and impoverished population with inadequate sanitation and that are exposed to contaminated water and food. Fecal-oral route remains the major mode of transmission. The organisms are pathogenic to both man and other mammals causing inflammatory reactions in the intestinal tract. Once in the body, the organisms multiply and spread from the intestines into the blood stream. (Whitaker et al., 2009)
This study was conducted on 44 patients admitted to Shebin El-Kom fever hospital fulfilling the WHO criteria of suspected typhoid case (suffering from continuous fever at least 3 days , greater than 38°C in addition to headache, constipation or diarrhea) without identified cause of fever as pneumonia. The cases were matched with 20 non feverish control.
All patients and controls were subjected to complete history with stress on fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain & diarrhea, full clinical examination with stress on temperature, liver, spleen. Urine analysis, stool analysis, complete blood picture, liver function tests, blood culture for detection of salmonella infection, Widal test and abdominal ultrasonography were done to all patients and controls.