الفهرس 
Anatomy of the kidneysOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Color Duplex Doppler sonography provides not
only morphologic but also physiologic data when
studying renal blood flow, as well as explore renal
vessels in various disease including (renal obstruction,
renovascular hypertension, acute or chronic renal
failure, or diabetic renal complication) by measuring
the RI of renal parenchymal arteries in each kidney.
So we can summarize that the Color Duplex U/S
provides very useful information, the intrarenal
resistance index (R.I) is used as a predictor in patients
with diabetic nephropathy by assessment of alterations
in vascular perfusion showing general perfusion in
color.
We therefore, concluded that in renal
parenchymal disease, measuring RI by Doppler
ultrasonography is a fair predictor of renal function and
documented early intrarenal hemodynamic alterations
in the form of pathologically elevated intrarenal RI.
This denotes the potential usefulness of duplex
evaluation of the intrarenal arteries, as a noninvasive procedure, for monitoring diabetic patients and predicts
those at risk of diabetic nephropathy.
In summary for the results of this study, the
clinico-laboratory parameters (blood sugar level, and
serum creatinine) were shown to have a positive
correlation, and a statistically significant co-variables
influencing R.I, except for the diabetic duration which
gives a weak correlation and not reaching a statistically
significant values. The blood pressure in this study is
not included as a statistically significant correlates,
because all patients were normotensive and under
treatment.
Finally we can conclude that in renal
parenchymal disease, measuring RI by Doppler
ultrasonography is a fair predictor of renal function,
where interarenal RI value of ≥ 0.70 identifies diabetic
patient at risk of progressive renal disease, as RI seems
to be dependable marker of intrarenal changes and can
be used as a non-invasive, easily available parameter of
the evolution in patients with advanced clinical diabetic
nephropathy.