الفهرس 
LIVER CELL FAILURE AND KIDNEY
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Abstract
ver transplantation carries a major risk for development of
kidney dysfunction. Multiple risk factors contribute to
renal affection during the operation. Identification of those risk
factors and their proper management can help to protect the
renal functions from being affected.
The main risk factors are classified to preoperative,
intraoperative and postoperative risk factors. Collectively they
include preoperative renal affection, hepatorenal syndrome,
contrast induced nephropathy, intraoperative hemodynamic
instability, the surgical technique used, the need for massive
blood transfusion, postoperative sepsis, use of nephrotoxic
Calcineurin inhibitor and graft rejection.
Strategies have been developed to help in kidney
protection during the operation include:
1) Proper management of sepsis
2) Using of vasopressor, TIPS and renal replacement therapy in
hepato-renal syndrome
3) Keeping hemodynamics stability during the operation
4) Using of the piggy back surgical technique
5) Optimizing the usage of immunosuppressants
6) Renal replacement therapy if needed
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