الفهرس 
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Abstract
Kaplan, (2004) describe the adolescence period as a transition stage between childhood and adulthood. Adolescence is also equated to both the terms (teenage years) and (puberty).However adolescence is not exclusive to either of these terms. Puberty refers to the hormonal changes that occur in early youth, and adolescence period can extend well beyond the teenage years. Calvert, (2009) added that puberty refer to the time during which the reproductive organ become fully functional. The most important needs that the adolescent require are nutrition and activity (Howard, 2006). The nutritional needs is very important in this period to avoid many diseases as osteoporosis at menopause (Calvert, 2009). Osteoporosis is a bone disease in which bone loss occurs, so that bones become weak and are more likely to break (Ray, 2007). Walter, (2007) explained that girls who are known about diet during adolescence are more likely to avoid osteoporosis at menopause. This study was conducted in order to improve the knowledge and practice about balanced food during adolescence period through the following objectives: 1. Raising awareness of adolescents about the importance of balanced food to avoid osteoporosis at menopause. 2. Raising awareness of adolescent girls about the relationship between un balanced food and the development of osteoporosis at menopause. Subjects: All the students at the school (120) who enrolled in the first, second, and third grade of secondary nursing school who are adolescent females. Sessions of teaching about dietary knowledge and practices were given 2 times at week for 3 months and every session had 30 students. Each students was taken booklets contain knowledge about the healthy dietary practices. The study was conducted in Shebin El-Kom’s nursing school. The quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed self-learning information package on young female’s knowledge about balanced food during adolescence period. The questionnaire covered the following items: Part one-Demographic dada of the students such as age, religion, level of parent’s education and parent’s occupation……..ect.Part two- Knowledge was used as pre-post test, it contains: a- Student’s knowledge related to nutritional elements of balanced diet during adolescence period. b- Source of balanced food knowledge. c- Types of food rich in calcium and vitamin D. d- Types of food and other reasons that affect calcium absorption. e- The relationship between un balanced food and the development of osteoporosis. The main finding of the study revealed the following: 1- The mean age of the sample was (16.70 ± 0.83). Nearly all participants were Muslim, more than half of the participants fathers education were secondary (63.3%), More than half of the participants mothers education were secondary (79.1%), Nearly all participants fathers were working (91.7%), More than half of the participants mothers not working (80.0%), Exactely,86 participants (71.7%) were urban residence meanwhile 34 participants(28.3%)were rural residence, Family members who were more than5 persons accounted for (46.6%)
2- There was significant difference between pre and post-test regarding their knowledge about concept of balanced diet (P=0.007).3- There was no significant difference between pre and post-test regarding Frequency of meals (P=0.403), having snacks (P=0.366), the most prominent food (P=0.269), Eating vegetables (P=0.059), the kind of vegetables (P=0.132), Eating fruits (P=1.0), Want to change bad food habit (P=0.699), Thinking about changing it (P=1.0) and Going on healthy diet (P=1.0).
4- There was no significant difference between pre and post-test regarding the kind of bad food habit (P=0.241) 5- There was no significant difference between pre and post-test regarding the kind of healthy food habits (P=0.773). 6- There was no significant difference between pre and post-test regarding Drinking milk daily (P=0.883) But there was high significant difference between pre and post-test regarding Ca+ rich food (P<0.001), The kind of Ca+ rich food (P<0.001), Vit D rich food (P<0.001), Kind of Vit D rich food (P<0.001), Foods affecting absorption of Ca+ (P<0.001), Foods affecting absorption of Ca+ (P<0.001), Others factors affecting absorption of Ca+ (P<0.001) and Reasons affecting absorption of Ca+ (P<0.001). 7- There was high significant difference between pre and post-test regarding Ca+ rich food (P<0.001). 8- There was high significant difference between pre and post-test regarding types of Foods affecting absorption of Ca+ (P<0.001). 9- There was no significant difference between pre and post-test regarding Answer of osteoporosis (P=1.0), Ion decreasing osteoporosis (P=0.269), Kind of complications (P=0.082) and Know Prevention (P=0.247) but there was high significant difference between pre and post-test regarding Meaning of osteoporosis (P=0.001), Know the cause of osteoporosis (P<0.001), Know complications (P<0.001) 10- There was high significant difference between pre and post-test regarding the cause of osteoporosis (P<0.001)11- That there was high significant difference between pre and post-test regarding Answer about importance of food during adolescence period to prevent osteoporosis at menopause (P=0.001). In conclusions, the finding of this study indicated that, having a change in beliefs and attitudes is imperative to ensure optimal behavior and the promotion of a healthy life style. Also, after explaining the information on the educational package, the researcher found a statistical significant improvement in their knowledge regarding balanced food in this period, food rich in calcium and vitamin D, osteoporosis definition, causes and its complications also prevention of it also, improvement of their attitudes and dietary practices during adolescence period. The study recommended designing a health educational program for young females about balanced food, food rich in calcium and vitamin D, knowledge about osteoporosis as definition, causes, complication and prevention of it.