الفهرس 
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Abstract
Water samples were collected from different sites , ground and surface water of its River Nile branch (Raw, chlorinated, tap water) samples in Shebin El-kom city, El-Menofia in Egypt .The sampling cruises was done monthly during (winter, spring and summer,2012) from the studied sites. Sites including seven wells ( W1: well No (1) in Abu bkr water plant,W2: well No (2) in Abu bkr water plant ,W3: well No (3) in Abu bkr water plant, W4: well No (4) in Abu bkr water plant , W5: well No (1) in Al-estad water plant , W6: well No (2) in Al-estad water plant, W7: well No (2) in Meet Khaqan Water Plant ) and all the tests were done on their (Raw, chlorinated, tap water) samples and they were chosen to represent different sites of ground water. All water samples were collected according to standards mentioned in ( APHA ,1992). Samples were preserved immediately after collection by acidifying with concentrated HNO3 to pH<2 by adding 5 ml nitric acid to 1 liter water samples and in refrigerator according to standard method 20th edition. All the experiments were done in (El-Bahary water plant lab in Shebin El-kom city, El-Menofia ).
The surface water contain some dissolved contaminants such as iron and manganese where the ground water contains ammonia besides the two mentioned ions , and hence they are unsuitable for drinking water without appropriate treatment. The rang of water temperature of ground water at seven wells were chosen to represent different areas of ground water in Shebin El-kom city were ranged from 18.3 C to 30.3C the lowest value was recorded in winter and the highest one was recorded in summer while the rang of water temperature of surface water in Shebin El-kom city were ranged from 20.5 C to 27.8. The turbidity of ground water were in the range of <0.01 to7.11ppm. The highest turbidity value was recorded in Spring and the lowest was also in spring whereas the turbidity of surface water at three tested points were chosen to represent different areas in Shebin El-kom city were in the range of <0.01 to11.3 ppm. The highest turbidity value was recorded during summer and the lowest in (spring &summer). (pH) values of ground water in Shebin El-kom city were in the range of 7.3 to 8.40ppm the highest pH value was recorded in summer& the lowest in winter while (pH) values of surface water were in the range of 7.3 to 8.7ppm during the period of samples collection. The highest pH value was recorded in spring & the lowest in winter. The rang of total hardness of ground water were ranged from 130 to 420 ppm the lowest value was recorded in spring & the highest one was recorded also in spring ; while the rang of total hardness of surface water in Shebin El-kom city were ranged from 120 to 160 ppm the lowest value was recorded in summer and the highest one was recorded in winter. The rang of calcium hardness of ground water were ranged from (102 to 270 ppm) the lowest value was recorded in spring and the highest one was recorded in winter; while the rang of calcium hardness of surface water were ranged from 28 to 86 ppm the lowest value was recorded in spring and the highest one was recorded in winter .The rang of calcium ions of ground water were ranged from 32 to 108 ppm the lowest value was recorded in spring and the highest one was recorded in winter while rang of calcium ions of surface water from 25 to 39 ppm the lowest value was recorded in spring and the highest one was recorded in summer. The rang of total magnesium hardness of ground water were ranged from 21 to 210 ppm the lowest value was recorded in spring and the highest one was recorded in summer while the rang of total magnesium hardness of surface water ranged from 42 to 74 ppm the lowest value was recorded in summer at and the highest one was recorded in winter. The rang of magnesium ions of ground water ranged from 4.8 to 50.4 ppm the lowest value was recorded in winter and the highest one was recorded in summer while the rang of total magnesium ions of surface water were ranged from 9 to 17 ppm the lowest value was recorded in summer and the highest one was recorded in winter. The rang of total alkalinity CaCO3 of ground water ranged from 160 to 400 ppm the lowest value was recorded in spring and the highest one was recorded also in spring while the rang of total alkalinity of surface water were ranged from 115 to 160 ppm the lowest value was recorded in spring and the highest one was recorded in (winter &spring) .Conductivity values of ground water were ranged from 385 to 1072(US / CM) the lowest value was recorded in spring and the highest one was recorded also in spring while the rang of conductivity of surface water ranged from 371 to 450 (US / CM ) the lowest value was recorded in spring and the highest one was recorded in winter. The rang of total dissolved solids of ground water were ranged from 100to 701 ppm the lowest value was recorded in spring and the highest one was recorded also in spring. The rang of total dissolved solids of surface water were ranged from 225 to 278 ppm the lowest value was recorded in summer and the highest one was recorded in winter .The rang of Iron content of ground water were from <0.01 to 0.61 ppm the lowest values were recorded in winter, spring and summer and the highest one was recorded in spring while the rang of iron content of surface water ranged from <0.01 to 0.34 ppm the lowest value was recorded in spring& summer and the highest one was recorded in summer. The rang of Manganese content ground water ranged from <0.01 to 1.5 ppm the lowest value was recorded in spring and the highest one was also recorded in spring while the rang of manganese content of surface water ranged from <0.01 to 0.07 ppm the lowest value was recorded in all months and the highest one was recorded in spring .The rang of Sulfates content of ground water were ranged from 5 to 880 ppm the lowest value was recorded in winter and the highest one was also recorded in winter while the rang of sulfates content of surface water in ranged from 19to 39 ppm the lowest value was recorded in summer and the highest one was recorded in winter. The rang of Phosphates content ground water were ranged from <0.01 to 3.3 ppm the lowest value was recorded in spring and the highest one was recorded also in spring while the rang of phosphates content of surface water were ranged from <0.01to 0.09 ppm the lowest value was recorded in all months and the highest one was recorded in summer .The range of Nitrates content ground water were ranged from<0.01 to 4.7 ppm the lowest value was recorded in spring &summer and the highest one was recorded in winter while the rang of nitrates content of surface water in ranged from 0.30to 0.89 ppm the lowest value was recorded in summer and the highest one was recorded in winter. The range of Ammonia content ground water ranged from <0.01 to 6.96 ppm the lowest value was recorded in spring and the highest one was recorded also in spring while the rang of ammonia content of surface water in Shebin El-kom city were ranged from <0.01 to 0.42 ppm the lowest value was recorded in winter ,spring &summer and the highest one was recorded in spring. Under standard and steady-state conditions, the bioreactor was very effective when 20gm of the nano polymer composite granules were added as a substrate for the biofilm formation for each 1L of the ground or surface water sample with continuous aeration and left for 24h and as a result many physical, chemical and bacteriological changes occurred .For the surface water TDS decrease from (276 to 220 ppm) while in chemical treatment increase to (285 ppm) also conductivity decrease from(434 to 425) US/CM but increase to(442 US/CM) in the chemical treatment while turbidity during the biological treatment increases from (9.8 to 10.3) NTU. The elimination of the heavy metals was remarkable in this study as in rate of Fe that decrease from (0.39 to 0.21)ppm and for Mn it remains constant .Total alkalinity decrease from(142 to 130)ppm while in chemical treatment decrease to120 ppm. calcium hardness decrease from (78 to 54) ppm and as a result the calcium decrease from (31.2 to 21.6)ppm and in chemical one it has the same value of the raw water sample .Magnesium hardness increase from (100 to 108 )ppm &for the magnesium ion increase from (10.56 to 16.8) ppm. The chlorides decrease to 20 ppm in the bio treated water sample but it was normal to increase to 31 ppm in the chemical treated sample. Sulfates content decrease from (15.5 to 10.7)ppm but in chemical treatment it increase to 17 ppm. Phosphate content increase from(<0.01 to o.o2 ) ppm while the nitrate content decrease from(0.86 to 0.5) ppm it also decrease in the chemical treatment to 0.48 ppm and ammonia content decrease from (0.06 to0.01) ppm and in chemical treatment reach to <0.01 ppm. Drinking water sources are contaminated with coliforms and pathogenic bacteria. The bacteriological results shows that all the bio treated sample had no fecal Coliform growth (<1) C/100ml but give positive results with the total Coliform with confluent colonies whereas in the chemical treatment both the total &fecal Coliform tests were negative .These results indicate that after a moderate exposure to the biofilm as a result to the presence of the nano composite granules , microbial biomass either synthesized or already had the proper enzymes needed for the biosorption of metals so that significant removal of heavy metals.