الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Many attempts have been made to decrease DO treatment time without affecting the quality and the quantity of the regenerate for example; electrical stimulation, pulsed electromagnetic field, gene therapy, application of anti-resorptive agents, mechanical loading and compression of the regenerate or callus massage.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of compression on quality and quantity of bone regenerate when applied during rapid distraction. For this purpose; fourteen goats where used. Animals had the same surgical procedure then after five days latency, goats were randomly and equally divided into two groups. The study group had distraction at a rate of two millimeters\day for three days followed by one millimeter compression at the fourth day with a total compression –distraction of eight days. The control group had regular distraction at a rate of one millimeter\day for ten days.
Thirty days consolidation period was allowed before scarification of the animals. Dissected hemi-mandibles were then subjected to macroscopic, radiographic and histologic assessments.
Radiographic and histologic findings show that rapid rate compression-distraction significantly affected the quality and quantity of the regenerate compared to regular rate distraction. This was reflected by bone density evaluated using CBCT, thickness of the cortical bone, thickness of the trabecular bone and area percentage of osteoid tissue evaluated using histomorphometry. Even though; it did not significantly affect the macroscopic dimensions of the regenerate.
In conclusion:
1. Rapid rate compression-distraction showed comparable macroscopic features to regular rate distraction with a relatively shorter treatment time.
2. Rapid rate compression-distraction showed bone regenerate of less quality compared to regular rate distraction as assessed histologically and radiographically.
3. The correlated findings of CBCT and histological assessments of the current study reflect the efficacy of the methods of evaluation.
Recommendations:
1. Further studies to evaluate the effect of increasing consolidation period on maturation of the regenerate during rapid rate compression-distraction.
2. Usage of supplemental additional methods of evaluation of bone maturation as three points bending test.
3. Immunohistochemistry assessment of specimens for better evaluation of the cellular response during rapid rate compression-distraction.
4. Trans-cutaneous distraction to decrease the pressure bone resorption effect caused by the distractor when fixed directly to buccal bone.
5. Usage of other adjunctive methods to improve bone quality and quantity during rapid distraction as stem cells application and\or hormonal therapy.