الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total number of 62 male and female cattle were subjected to study. Out of them, 45 diseased cattle were presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Assiut University, Egypt. Animals were examined clinically and then blood and fecal samples were collected. Whole blood samples were analyzed directly after collection using veterinary electronic blood cells counter.
The inclusion of animals in the study was based on a selected number of inclusion criteria. Only animals with low total RBCs count and /or haemoglobin concentration were included in the study.
from the total number, 17 animals were clinically healthy, showed good general body condition score and free from any internal or external parasites were kept as control.
Three types of blood samples were collected from each animal under study:
Whole blood samples were collected intubes containing ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) as anticoagulant, and then divided into two parts; one part was used for haematological analysis using Electronic Blood Cells Counter and the second part was centrifuged and then the separated plasma was harvested and used to measure plasma malondialdehyde level and plasma catalase activity. The packed cells were prepared for measurements of erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities.
Other blood samples without anticoagulants were collected on clean and dry plain centrifuge tubes and then centrifuged for separation of serum. Serum samples were used for measuring serum iron, copper and zinc also serum β-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E levels.
Blood smear was prepared directly after collection of blood samples and was stained by Giemsa, then examined for blood parasites.
Fecal samples were examined for nematodes, cestodes, trematodes infestation and oocyst using direct smear, sedimentation and floatation techniques.
Results of the present study revealed significant decreases (P<0.01) in total RBCs count, Hb concentration and PCV in all diseased cattle under study compared with the control group. On the other hand, there were insignificant changes in MCV, MCH and MCHC.
Blood SOD activity showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in cases of theileriosis (5.35 ± 0.61), babesiosis (5.72 ± 0.42), coccidiosis (6.11 ± 0.65), TP (4.94 ± 0.99), traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) (5.92 ± 0.51), and undifferentiated anaemia groups (4.26 ± 1.68) compared to the control group (7.01 ± 0.25). Blood GSH-Px activity was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in cases of theileriosis (48.03 ± 12.23), babesiosis (34.16 ± 11.23), coccidiosis (44.43 ± 7), TP (45.35 ± 11.69), TRP (48.06 ± 10.97), except undifferentiated anaemia (63.97 ± 11.34) compared to the control group (59.89 ± 6.82). Plasma catalase activity showed a significant increase (P<0.01) in case of babesiosis (0.32 ± 0.09) whereas significant decreases were found (P<0.05) in cases of coccidiosis (0.18 ± 0.05) and TRP (0.17 ± 0.05) compared to the control group (0.22 ± 0.03). Plasma MDA level showed significant increases (P<0.01) in cases of theileriosis (6.34 ± 5.34), babesiosis (13.85 ± 8.57), coccidiosis (5.09 ± 2.22), TP (4.11 ± 1.36), TRP (5.27 ± 0.54), and undifferentiated anaemia (3.23 ± 1.85) compared with the control group (1.40 ± 0.73).
Comparing data for serum iron, copper and zinc from the diseased cattle with those from the control animals revealed a significant decrease in serum iron level (44.40 ± 21.56, P<0.01) in case of coccidiosis group only compared to the control group (102.1 ± 25.11). Furthermore, serum copper levels showed significant increases in cases of theileriosis (97.60 ± 15.98, P<0.01), babesiosis (78.33 ± 25, P<0.01), coccidiosis (101.36 ± 13, P<0.05) and TP (107.77 ± 11.29, P<0.01) groups compared to the control group (59.86 ± 10.25). However, there were significant decreases in serum zinc levels (P<0.05) in cases of coccidiosis (57.01 ± 13.52) and TRP (50.88 ± 29.37) groups only compared to the control group (73.70 ± 10.53).
There were insignificant changes in serum vitamins A, E, and beta-carotene in diseased cattle under investigation, except significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum vitamin C in cases of coccidiosis (0.68 ± 0.35) and undifferentiated anaemia group (0.70 ± 0.23) compared to the control group (0.94 ± 0.18).