الفهرس 
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Abstract
Sepsis remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units. Invasive fungal infection (IFI) by Candida spp has become an increasing problem over the last 20 years. Fungi are the third most frequent causal agent of late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm neonates, with a crude mortality of 30% to 75% .
The aim of our study was to roll out the frequency of fungal infections in neonates attending (NICUs) in Beni-Suef Governorate. Also , to correlate their presence with different risk factors in order to demonstrate the need for more effective prevention strategies.
Our study included 52 neonates who had a suggested clinical picture of sepsis based on International Consensus Pediatrics Definitions which had defined sepsis as Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) plus suspected clinical evaluation or proven infection by blood culture .
All neonates were subjected to history taking, clinical examination and laboratory investigations for diagnosis of sepsis and fungal infection including complete blood count (CBC), C-Reactive protein(CRP) with titre, Cotton swabs from mouth for detection of fungal colonization and blood cultures for detection of fungal sepsis were done .
Regarding the results of the current study, we found that the incidence of fungal infection in our NICUs was 44.2% of all neonates included in our study. Candida albicans was isolated in 12 cases (23.1%) and non albical candida were isolated in 11 cases (21.1%) of the studied group.
Moreover, fungal infections were significant in older neonates than young one and their incidence in cases of neonatal jaundice and in mechanically ventilated neonates was significant. CRP was significantly higher in fungal infected neonates than in non fungal infected neonates.
Also, Our results demonstrated that there were insignificant differences between positive and negative fungal infected cases regarding type of antibiotics given to neonates and fluconazole use as aprophylaxis in our NICUs with high resistance to fluconazole and high susceptibility to amphotericin B.
Finally, the frequency of fungal infections was significantly higher among previously colonized neonates as compared with noncolonized neonates.