الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This work proposes a new transformation algorithm based on genetic algorithm (GA) and symbolic analysis to transform op-amp circuits into equivalent circuits using Second Generation Current Conveyor (CCII) and Transconductance
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Amplifier (TA). Recently, it has been shown that symbolic analysis is a powerful tool to synthesis and modeling the behavior of any active device disregarding the particular realization of the active blocks. Also, the GA has the capability to generate new design solutions from a population of existing solutions, and discarding the solutions which have an inferior performance. The proposed algorithm is applied to well-known circuits such as the Tow-Thomas (TT) and the Kerwin Huelsman Newcomb (KHN) filters. It is known that the TT and the KHN filters are basic building blocks in many analog signals processing applications. They have independent control on the selectivity factor Q and the radian frequency . There is however no independent control on the gain. Both KHN and TT are realized using operational amplifiers (op-amps) which have frequency limitations due to the finite gain-bandwidth of the op-amps. To gain advantages of the structures of KHN and TT, they are transformed by the proposed algorithm to equivalent circuits utilizing other active blocks like CCII and TA. Moreover, the proposed methodology is also applied on the gyrator circuit to get equivalent CCII and TA circuits. On the other hand, the active block named differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DDCCTA) is modified and used to realize the TT and KHN filters.