الفهرس 
Chapter 1: IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Water and energy are two of the most important topics in the environment and development agenda for any country.Egypt suffers from shortage in both, especially with the high increase in prices of power and shortage in fuels. The answer to these water challenges is to find or create alternatives, and inexpensive resources of fresh water. It is certain that the best way to solve the problem of water shortage is desalting sea and brackish water. Desalination in general means to remove salt from saline water. The thermal desalination is one method of desalination that is based on heating of salt water to produce steam. The steam then condensates into fresh water leaving the salts behind on the tube surfaces. This lead to reduction in the heat transfer process that lead to serious problems such as operational failure.Thermal shock is one of mitigation techniques that used in removal of such salts, which is a sudden decrease in the heating process. The difference in the thermal expansion between the surface substrate and deposit layer plays a key role in this process.