الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus infection is a global issue affecting 2 billion people in the world, with 360 million chronic carriers of HBsAg. Diabetes mellitus is a marker for increased risk of HBV transmission through exposure to contaminated blood during DM care and monitoring. The remarkable effectiveness of universal infantile HB-vaccination is well documented in many countries. Nevertheless, the influence of T1DM on the sero-protective level of anti-HBs after HB-vaccination has not been investigated in Egyptian children.
The aim of this study, was to investigate the long-term protection of anti-HBs and to estimate the prevalence of HBV infection among Egyptian HB-vaccinated T1DM children.
This study was conducted, at Al-Azhar university center for virus research and studies, Cairo, Egypt and at lab of Clinilab company for research from September 2012, to December 2013.It included 170 HB-vaccinated children with age range from 4 to 17 years, they were 81 males and 89 females. All children (n=170) related to two different geographic regions in Egypt, namely Cairo (n=70) and Kafr Elsheikh (n=100) Governorates. The children enrolled in the study were divided into healthy (n=107) and T1DM (n=63) groups. All children were subjected to Laboratory investigations whichincluded the following;anti-HBs, HBsAg, and tatal anti-HBc by ELISA and HBV DNAby PCR. In addition T1DM children were tested for HbA1c.
The results obtained showed that 43 (40%) healthychildren had a non-protective anti-HBs response (anti-HBs < 10 IU/ml)and 64 (60%) displayeda protective anti-HBs response (anti-HBs ≥ 10 IU/ml). Among the 63 IDDM children,44(69.8%) had a non-protective anti-HBs response (anti-HBs < 10 IU/ml) and 19 (30.2%) had a protective anti-HBs response (anti-HBs > 10 IU/ml). This difference in anti-HBs response between healthy and T1DM children was highly significant (p < 0.001).
Although 30% of vaccinated healthy children aged ≤10 years had non-