الفهرس 
Anatomy of the external ear
The cartilage of the auricleOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Identification of different personal traits using unique physiological characteristics has invited significant research and development efforts at the last decades. These researches have been conducted on anthropometric dimensions including face, fingerprint, stature and other hand or lower limbs based biometri modalities. It is well known that these anthropometric tools are affected by age,gender and race. Identification by ear biometrics is promising because it is simply extracted and passive like face recognition.