الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Abortion is the spontaneous loss of the conceptus before 20 weeks of gestation. Potential amount of possible miscarriage before pregnancy is recognised to be about 30%. In clinically recognized pregnancy, it is 10–15% before 8th week and 3% between 8th and 28th weeks. Recurrent abortion, defined as occurrence of two or more consecutive spontaneous miscarriage. It occurs in 1–2% of couples attempting to bear children.
Several disorders are known to contribute to recurrent abortion including; chromosomal anomalies, anticardiolipin antibodies, endocrine disorders such as poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, hyperprolactinaemia, thyroid diseases; and pelvic anatomic abnormalities. Recurrent abortion can be classified as either primary or secondary. Primary aborters are women who have lost all their pregnancies, whereas secondary aborters have had at least one live born infant.
AITD is by far the most frequent cause of hypothyroidism in women in reproductive age. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in the general population of reproductive age is 2–3 %.Overt hypothyroidism is commonly associated with infertility, as thyroid hormones have a direct effect on granulosa cells, luteal cells and oocyte maturation.
Euthyroid women with thyroid autoimmunity are twice as likely to experience spontaneous miscarriages. This probably represents a generalised activation of the immune system, or an increased risk of progression to subclinical hypothyroidism, or it could be due to the transplacental transfer of thyroid receptor blocking antibodies.
Hence, there is a need to screen for subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity in pregnancy, especially in women with a history of spontaneous miscarriages. Autoimmune thyroid disorders are characterized by the presence of thyroid auto-antibodies (Abs), particularly thyroid peroxidase (TPO) auto Abs and anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) auto Abs. TPO is an enzyme responsible for iodination of tyrosine residues and coupling of iodinated residues to form thyroid hormones.
The study was aimed to evaluate maternal anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) autoAbs concentrations and TSH level in cases of recurrent miscarriage.
The study was conducted on 200 female patients in the age group of 21–35 years recruited from the outpatient clinic in El Shatby Maternity University Hospital. After approval of the medical ethics committee and signing a written informed consent, patients were divided in two groups:
• Group A: 100 female patients with history of recurrent miscarriage.
• Group B: 100 female patients with at least 2 living children and without history of recurrent early miscarriage.
The level of TSH level and anti TG antibodies) were determined.
The resultes of the study showed that there was no statistically significant relation between recurrent pregnancy loss and TSH and anti TG auto antibodies.