الفهرس 
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Abstract
Childhood visual impairment due to refractive errors is one of the most common problems among school children and it is the second leading cause of treatable blindness. Undetected or under corrected refractive error particularly myobia is a special problem in school children poor vision and inability to read material written on the blackboard can have a serious impact on a child participation and learning in the class and this can adversely affect the child education ,occupation and socioeconomic status of life .
The general objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of amblyobia due to refractive errors among primary school children and finding out proper risk factor of refractive error of those children.
The study was conducted in four primary school in Munshaat sultan village three public school (New fatah School for boy and girls, Elshahied Shaban School for boys and girls, El Refae El Azhare for girls) and one private school (Elroad schools) The questionnaires were administered to whole-class of selected classes of 24 class from the first to the sixth grade we chose the first class from each grade.
The present study shows that the number of student from the first to the sixth grade was 553 student and only 480 students participate (with response rate of 95%). After that conduction of all students agreed to participate (with response rate of 99%).116 children from 480 children had refractive error representing about 24% of the whole selected student. The mean age of the students with refractive error was 9.9year. This was achieved through an initial examination of vision using snellens c chart to differentiate between children with good vision and children with poor
vision and then those with poor vision were referred to ophthalmogest to identify the type of refractive error and a questionnaire was administered to whole children to recognize different risk factor and affection on quality of life.
This study shows that there is a group of risk factor affecting refractive error including deficiency of certain foods, positive family history, past history of eye disease. Excessive close and near work in dim light.
Since children do not usually complain of visual difficulties, early detection and prompt treatment of eye disease is important to prevent vision problems and eye morbidities which could affect their learning ability, personality and adjustment in school and this study highlights the proper risk factor of refractive error and impact of refractive error in school children in usual day and school day.