الفهرس 
RENAL ANATOMYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
U
rolithiasis is a common urological problem affecting all age and gender groups, different modalities for diagnosis and management of this problem were developed.
Urinary stones can be classified according to size, location, X-ray characteristics, etiology of formation, composition, and risk of recurrence, classification according x-ray attenuation to radiolucent, faint radiopaque and radiopaque.
The introduction of ESWL in 1980s revolutionized the management of upper urinary tract stones, in a few years it gained confidence of the most urologists, and so it became the first line of treatment of upper urinary tract stones.
Localization of stones during ESWL done by either fluoroscopy or ultrasonography, there is a debate for which is better for localization and safety of patients.
In case of radiolucent stones fluoroscopy cannot be used to localize stone during ESWL without need for contrast either IV or retrograde instillation. Ultrasonography give a reasonable method to localization and monitoring of ESWL with the benefits of continuous monitoring of the stone during the procedure with avoiding of hazards of radiation to both patient and operator and avoiding need for contrast material.
from this study ultrasound guided ESWL proved itself to be a good therapeutic modality in treatment of renal radiolucent stone of size of 1-2 cm in adults with success rate approximate to 88%.
We found that the increase Hounsfield unit of the stone it decreases the effect of ESWL, the same results found with number of stones within the kidney, other factors we studied their results were statistically non-significant.
So, further studies on larger group of patients with different age groups to evaluate the results of ultrasound guided ESWL and to compare its results with other treatment modalities of radiolucent stones.