الفهرس 
ANATOMY OF KIDNEYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
he upper urinary tract consists of the ureter and the kidney.
Upper urinary extravasation is a common complication
facing the urologist. Renal urinary extravasation is mostly due
to trauma while ureteral urinary extravasation is mostly
iatrogenic.
Diagnosis of urinary extravasation requires a high grade
of suspicious especially if not detected intraoperative. The
symptoms of urinary extravasation are vague. Pelviabdominal
ultrasound is the initial imaging study and pelviabdominal CT
with contrast with delayed films is the imaging of choice while
one shot IVU is done if suspected intraoperative.
When urine extravasation exceeds the capacity of
lymphatic clearance, urinoma is formed which may be
complicated by infect. Management depends on the amount of
the extravasated urine and the underlying cause.
In our study, we focused on the conservative
management and the minimally invasive procedures for the
management of upper urinary extravasation.
As urinary extravasation will resolve spontaneously in
most patients, conservative follow up of the patients is
preferred and it does not compromise the outcome or prolong
hospitalization.
T Internal ureteral stenting is the most successful single
intervention in the patients with urinoma and offers some
advantages over percutaneous approaches, include
improvements in quality of life during convalescence owing to
increased patient comfort, avoidance of catheter care,
avoidance of urine collecting bags, and psychologically the
avoidance of an external catheter and is better for children due
to being more compliance and less of social burden.
Further studies are needed to evaluate and compare
between the efficacy of conservative management and different
types of minimal invasive procedures.