الفهرس 
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Abstract
A serial of nine experiments were carried out with the aim of developing marine shrimp farming in Egypt. In
experiment one: a pilot study was carried out at two different sites with the aim of finding out the main
constraints facing development of marine shrimp farming in Egypt at SAFICO and AL-Deba. Three different
densities were used 16 shrimp/m2, 19 shrimp/m2 and 22 shrimp/m2. . The results show that the stocking
density of 22 shrimp/m2 achieved higher survival rate and higher yield than the other two stocking densities.
At AL-Deba site, two different stocking densities were used (1.5/m 2 and 2.5 m 2 for nurseries A and B,
respectively) were tested. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between the two nurseries in terms of growth
parameters and final body weight at harvest. But, in both farming sites there were some frequency cases of low
survival and stunting and slow growth which led us to carry out the second experiment. In Experiment two:
mortality and low growth samples were analyzed using PCR and LAMP kit. Once the specimens showed 1-step PCR positive, mass mortality inevitably occurred within a few days. In case of IHHNV the nested PCR (2 -step) were effective in diagnosis the viral infection. The prevalence of the IHHNV was in stunting growth
shrimp compared the prevalence of WSSV in dead shrimp. LAMP kit of the virus proofed its quality and
usability in diagnosis of the viral infection in the field without the need to costly and sophisticated PCR test
and laboratory. In Experiment three: genetic variation of wild shrimp populations was estimated using RAPDPCR. A total of 335 distinct and reproducible RAPD bands (300 polymorphic bands and 35 monomorphic
bands) were resolved by the 22 arbitrary RAPD primers. Thus, on the average, 13.63 polymorphic RAPD
markers were produced per RAPD primer from the studied genomes. The primer OPA-04 was able to give
enough variation to differentiate between samples of shrimp populations from the wild compared other
primers. In Experiment four: trials on domestication of the marine shrimp were carried out and the results
indicated the possibility of closing the life cycle of P. semisulcatus on farm. The reproductive performance was
equal to wild gravid females. There is possibility to select for high growth rate and disease resistance.
Experiment five: was carried out to evaluate the growth performance of wild and domesticated shrimp and the
results indicate that weight gain of F2 group, was 35-50 % higher than F0 group, which was significantly
different. In Experiment six: Development of DNA molecular markers for use in selection program of the
green tiger shrimp P. semisulcatus. The results indicated that RAPD markers were efficient in the assignment
of family pedigree and this means that RAPD markers can potentially be used to determine family groups in
commercial shrimp breeding programs. In Experiment seven: Biofloc technology was developed as alternative
to fishmeal and the results showed that; this microbial protein can serve as an additional high value feed source
for fish or shrimp, recycling the non-utilized fraction of the added conventional feed. In Experiment eight:
molecular techniques were used to identify the microbial communities in produced biofloc and to help in
selecting best method of biofloc production which produces good microbial profile for shrimp feeding and
grazing. In experiment nine: molecular markers were used to identify the microbial community in larval
rearing tanks of different water supply from different water treatment systems which affect the health s tatus of
the shrimp postlarvae produced in the hatchery. This study recommends the