الفهرس | يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام |
المستخلص This study focuses on the Muslim-Byzantine border areas during the 4th century AH/ 10th century AD, Key points in this study are: - Importance of the 4th century AH/10th century AD. This period witnessed political changes that gave rise to the Byantine military expansionist wars, which pushed the latter’s border against the Muslims. - Studying the role of Muslim Amirs in defending the border regions during the Byzantin military expansionist wars, which were similar to the holy crusades against Muslims in the beginning of the 11th century AD but more advanced. - Studying the military formations and administrative organizations in Muslim and Byzantine border regions during the 4th century AH/10th century AD period. - Emergence of new social and religious trends in the Muslim and Byzantine border regions during the 4th century AH/10th century AD: * Emigration of individuals and groups from Muslim border regions to Byzantine land. For example, the Arab tribe of Banu Habeeb- with a population of roughly 10.000 people at the time-had made its move to the Byzantine lands, with its slaves, and converted to Christianity. * Forced and premeditated mass conversion to christianity in the Muslim communities of border regions, although this direction has been present since the 9th century AD but only in personal cases. * The study also focuses on the effects of each’s culture on the other. The study employs a historical analytical narrative approach and compares modern and historical events. The problems and difficulties that faced the study are summarized in the following points: - Agreat number of references written in classic Arabic and foreign languages that had to be translated. - Some vague parts in the history of the Muslim-Byzantine border regions during the 4th century AH/10th century AD which forced the use of extrapolation. - The subjectivity and partiality of some authors of books on historical events, some of their narratives are discussed in the study. The study is composed of a preface, an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusion. The preface introduces the references used in the study, while the introduction deals are entitled the Geography of Border Areas during the 4th century AH/10th century AD. Chapter One with the Muslim-Byzantine region areas before the 4th century AH/10th century AD and region areas since the rise of Islam till the 3rd century AH/9th century AD. Chapter Two discusses the Byzantine annexation of some Muslim border areas in the 4th century AH/10th century AD, wars fought by the two sides, and the effects of these wars on the Muslim-Byzantine border regions. Chapter Three focuses on the military and administrative organizations of the Muslim and Byzantine border regions. The first line in this chapter deals with Byzantine side, the definition and development of the concept of ”them”, and a comparison between the ”them” and Archon systems. The second line deals with the Muslim side. Chapter Four discusses how communities of border areas lived in harmony according to the Byzantine epic Digenis Akritas and the Arabic epic the mettlesome Amir. The chapter studies the phenomenon of Muslim-Byzantine inter-marriage in the epics, the effect of language on communities of border regions, and Arabs who converted to christianity in these areas, and finally, the conclusion. |