الفهرس 
Hazards of SmokingOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 241 |  |  |
| | | from | 241 | | |
Abstract
-
164
-
Summary
This study was
a prospective randomized control
study
which was conducted on a sample of eighty smokers
divided into two groups
during the period from July 2014
to January 2015.These groups are:
Group I:
Consists of 40 subjects were recruited and
subjected to the brief intervention method for smoking
cessation, the
five ̳
A
’s for assessing tobacco use and
addressing smoking cessatio
n.
Ask
patients about their
smoking
status.
Advice
smokers to
quit.
Assess
their
readiness to quit.
Assist
them with their smoking cessation
effort.
Arrange
for follow
-
up visits or contact.
Group II
:
Consists
of 40 subjects were recruited and
subjected to the brief intervention method for smoking
cessation, the
five ̳
A
’s for assessing tobacco use and
addressing smoking cessation. In addition to aversion
therapy.
Aversion
therapy
was
conducted by providing the
smoker with a single onion powdered cigarette for each
craving episode and avoiding ̳usual‘ tobacco cigarettes.
Weekly interviews
were
conducted for follow
-
up and refill
of the powdered cigarettes pack according to the frequency
of the craving episodes.
STUDY OF AVERSION THERAPY
AS AN ADJUVANT IN SMOKING
CESSATION
Thesis
Submitted For Partial Fulfillment of master Degree in
Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis
By
Samir Mohamed Mahmoud Fahyim
M.B., B.Ch.
Faculty of Medicine
-
Ain Shams University
Under Supervision of
Prof. Dr. Adel Mohamed Saeed
Professor of Pulmonary Medicine & Tuberculosis
Faculty of Medicine
-
Ain Shams University
Dr. Nermine
Mounir
Riad
Assist
ant
Professor
of Pulmonary Medicine & Tuberculosis
Faculty of Medicine
-
Ain Shams University
Dr. Mahmoud Mamdouh
ELHabiby
Lecturer in Psychiatry
Faculty of Medicine
-
Ain Shams University
Faculty of Medicine
Ain
Shams
University
201
5
List of Contents
I
Contents
Subjects Page
List of abbreviations
................................
..................
....................................
I
I
List of Figures
................................
................................
................................
..............
I
V
List of
Tables
................................
................................
................................
..................
V
Introduction
................................
...............
...............................................
1
Aim of the work
................................
................................
................................
..
4
Review of Literature
Chapter (1):
Hazards of
Smoking
................................
..........
5
Chapter (2):
Smoking Cessation
................................
..........
44
Chapter (3):
Aversion Therapy
................................
.........
10
2
Subjects and Methods
................................
................................
..........
120
Results
................................
................................
................................
.....................
12
8
Discussion
................................
................................
................................
............
1
39
Summary
................................
................................
................................
..............
16
4
Conclusion
................................
................................
................................
..........
16
8
Recommendations
................................
................................
.....................
17
0
References
................................
................................
................................
...........
1
7
1
Arabic Summary
-
163
-
administered by therapist or subject
in
study in aversion
therapy
Hajek and Stead, 2003
.
In addition,
It is now recommended that nicotine
replacement therapy should routinely be used during quit
attempts,
Smoking cessation medication use (NRT or
bupropion) at the time of the quit attempts was protective
against relapse
as recommended by
Balfour et al.,
2000
in
treatment of nicotine dependence.
-
164
-
Summary
This study was
a prospective randomized control
study
which was conducted on a sample of eighty smokers
divided into two groups
during the period from July 2014
to January 2015.These groups are:
Group I:
Consists of 40 subjects were recruited and
subjected to the brief intervention method for smoking
cessation, the
five ̳
A
’s for assessing tobacco use and
addressing smoking cessatio
n.
Ask
patients about their
smoking
status.
Advice
smokers to
quit.
Assess
their
readiness to quit.
Assist
them with their smoking cessation
effort.
Arrange
for follow
-
up visits or contact.
Group II
:
Consists
of 40 subjects were recruited and
subjected to the brief intervention method for smoking
cessation, the
five ̳
A
’s for assessing tobacco use and
addressing smoking cessation. In addition to aversion
therapy.
Aversion
therapy
was
conducted by providing the
smoker with a single onion powdered cigarette for each
craving episode and avoiding ̳usual‘ tobacco cigarettes.
Weekly interviews
were
conducted for follow
-
up and refill
of the powdered cigarettes pack according to the frequency
of the craving episodes.
-
165
-
A
ll smokers will be subjected to:
Medical history
: (age, occupation, smoking history,
co
-
morbidities, presence of any chest complaints).
Clinical examination
: (complete general and local
chest examination especially auscultation of
wheezes).
Group II smokers
additionally received pack of
dried onion powdered cigarettes
.
Tobacco dependence is a chronic condition that often
requires repeated intervention. Effective treatments,
including individu
al,
group, and telephone counseling, can
produce lo
ng
-
term or even permanent abstinence.
Patients who use tobacco but are unwilling to quit
should be approached with the ”5 R’s” of motivational
intervention (
R
elevance,
R
isks,
R
ewards,
R
oadblocks, and
R
epetition). Smokers may be unwilling to quit due to
misinformation
, concern about the effects of quitting, or
demoralization because of previous unsuccessful quit
attempts.
Patients who use tobacco and are willing to quit
should be managed using the ”5 A’s” (
A
sk,
A
dvise,
A
ssess,
A
ssist, and
A
rrange) Treatm
ents involving person
-
to
-
person contact (individu
al,
group, or proactive telephone
-
166
-
counseling) are consistently effective, and their
effectiveness increases with treatment intensity.
Most smokers make many attempts to quit before
they achieve success. Smok
ers should be made aware of
this when they are attempting to quit.
Relapse prevention strategies should be applied to
patients who have recently quit using tobacco. As an
example, any problems encountered as a result of
abstinence (e.g., weight gain, depr
ession) should be
-
166
-
counseling) are consistently effective, and their
effectiveness increases with treatment intensity.
Most smokers make many attempts to quit before
they achieve success. Smok
ers should be made aware of
this when they are attempting to quit.
Relapse prevention strategies should be applied to
patients who have recently quit using tobacco. As an
example, any problems encountered as a result of
abstinence (e.g., weight gain, depr
ession) should be
addressed promptly.
In the present study, no statistically significant
correlation (p value> 0.05) was found between success rate
and the age, occupation, marital status or smoking index of
smokers among both groups.
In the present study
there was significant difference
between the two studied groups as regards the outcome; the
success rate was significantly higher among group
subjected to aversion therapy
(group II)
(8 out of 40 )
versus
(group I) (6 out of 40)
(20%
, 15
% respectively)
.
But, the difference between the two groups not high
,
which
indicate that the aversion therapy cannot achieve the
hopeful desired success.
Aversion is a very old treatment technique, but a
very new topic of empirical study by using different
methods of it
. As, in addition to our study depending on
taste sensation by using dried onion powder there were
other aversive techniques include rapid puffing (smoke not
inhaled), smoke holding, excessive smoking, paced
smoking, self
-
paced smoking, focused smoking, co
vert
sensitization, symbolic aversion, electric shocks
administered by therapist or subject
in study in aversion therapy.