الفهرس 
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Abstract
Cirrhosis of the liver is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Then finding an effective medication for liver protection or treatment is an urgent need.
Antioxidant which is found in food materials, protect the body from many different diseases that result from so-called free radicals or atoms loose, such as cancer, liver disease, allergies, heart disease, kidney disease and other harmful diseases. The body usually makes enzymes called oxidative enzymes which modify free radicals. There are many of medicinal plants that work as antioxidants such as C. procera .
The goal of making this thesis is to study the therapeutic effect of the plant extract of C. procera and silymarin to see how efficient natural antioxidant biomarkers can improve the treatment of such thioacetamid induced liver cirrhosis in rats. Therefore, This study was conducted to evaluate whether the plant of C. procera has the ability to prevent cirrhotic induced by thioacetamid in rats.
1- Experimental design:
This study was carried out on 90 white male albino rats, 6-8 weeks old and average body weight 150-180 gm were used in the experimental investigation of this thesis and purchased from the Laboratory Animals Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University,
Animals were housed in separate wire mesh cages, exposed to good ventilation, humidity and to a 12-hr light - dark cycle. And provided with a constant supply of standard pellet diet and fresh, clean drinking water ad libitum and left for 15 days for adaptation prior to the inception of experiments and kept at constant environmental and nutritional conditions throughout the period of the experiment.
90 white male albino rats divided into 2 main groups:
Group I: Consists of 10 rats injected with normal saline and saved as control.
Group II: included 80 rats injected with TAA (0.2 gm/kg b.wt i.p), three times per week for 45 days. This group was divided into 4 equal subgroups each consist of 20 rats:
A. Subgroup II a: rats received no drags and acting as control none treated group.
B. Subgroup IIb: rats treated with silymarin at dose of 100 mg/kg b.wt /day orally for 60 days¬¬.
C. Subgroup IIc: rats administered with CPA at dose of 200 mg/kg b.wt/ day orally for 60 days ¬¬.
D. Subgroup IId: rats administered with silymarin at dose of 100 mg/kg.b.wt and. CPA at dose of 200 mg/kg.b.wt/ days orally for 60 days.
2- Sampling:
Blood samples and liver tissues were collected after 30 days and 60 days from the onset of beginning treatment.
A- Blood samples were collected into clean, dry centrifuge tubes, left at room temperature for 15 minutes to clot, centrifuged at 1000g for 10 minutes for serum separation. Serum was carefully aspirated and transferred into dry clean Eppindorf tubes using Pasteur pipette then kept in a froze at -20 C° until used for subsequent biochemical analysis.
Biochemical analysis: Serum ALT, AST, ALP and GGT activities and T.Bili., T. P., Alb., T.Chol., T.G., HDL-C and IL-8 concentration.
B- Liver specimens : Rats scarified for removal of liver tissues. The liver divided into two parts:
1- For Biochemical Analysis: Measuring of the liver antioxidant enzymes GST, CAT, SOD and GSH concentration .The liver specimen was perfused with a PBS (phosphate buffered saline) solution, pH 7.4 containing 0.16 mg / ml heparin to remove any red blood cells and clots. Then, liver was weighed, minced, homogenized in 5 – 10 ml cold buffer (i.e. 50 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.5. 1 mM EDTA) per gm liver tissue .Homogenates were centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 20 minutes at 4°C and the supernatant was kept at −20 C° till used for analysis of antioxidant enzymes
2- For Hisopathology Findings: The secand part was kept in formalin 10% for histopathology examenation..
Treatment with silymarin or C. procera & both of them lowered the elevated levels of AST, ALT, ALP, GGT and T. Bili.; while total protein and albumin non significance increase when compared to the TAA treated group.
Date showed a significant increase in serum T.G., T. Chol. and significant decrease in HDL after TAA injection at 30 & 60 days as compared with control. Treatment of TTA cirrhotic rats with silymarin or/and C. procera caused a significant decrease in serum Chol. and T.G. and significant increase in serum HDL after 30 & 60 days compared with thioacetamide group.
The results presented showed a significant increase in serum IL-8 in rats injected with TTA after 30 & 60 days when compared with control group. treatment with silymarin or/and C. procera showed significant decrease in serum IL-8 at the same intervals of follow up after 30 & 60 days when compared to thioacetamide group.
The results obtained showed that, TTA injection to rats caused a significant decrease in the activity of the liver antioxidant enzymes GST, CAT, SOD and GSH after 30 & 60 days compared with control. Treatment of TTA intoxicated rats with silymarin or/and C. procera caused a significant increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes GST, CAT, SOD and GSH after 30 & 60 days as compared with control
Histopathological.
Finding revealed showed liver cirrhosis and marked portal tracts fibrosis in Thioacetamide group when compared to control. Treatment of TTA intoxicated rats with silymarin or/and C. procera caused improvement in liver fibrosis with regeneration of hepatocytes became nearly similar to normal liver. In addition, the plant publican silymarin and prevent cell death and cirrhotic obviously caused by Thioacetamide in hepatic tissue as compared to natural group. And the results of the study may have resulted from a clear improvement in liver function and tissues as a result of silymarin or C. procera and their combination a significant decrease in the levels set free and the increase in antioxidants.