الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted during 2009 and 2010 seasons at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University at Ismailia to study the effect of irrigation intervals and the foliar spraying treatments on growth, yield, its components and quality of peanut (Giza 6 variety).
Every experiment include 16 treatment which were the combination of four irrigation intervals and four foliar spray
1- Irrigation intervals
1- 6 days
2- 8 days
3- 10 days
4- 12 days
2- Foliar spraying treatments
1- Micronutrient mixture (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B)
2- Ascorbic acid (8 ppm)
3- Ascorbic acid (4 ppm)
4- Tap water
The split plot design with four replications was made in used where irrigation intervals were allocated randomly in the main plots, while treatments of foliar spraying were arranged randomly in the sub plots
Data recorded:
A- Growth characters:
Three growth samples were taken at 75, 90 and 105 days after sowing where five guarded plants were taken randomly from the second and the fifth ridges in each plot to measure the following growth characters.
1- Plant height (cm).
2- Number of branches / plant.
3- Leaf area index (LAI) was calculated by dividing leaf area /plant by land area for one plant.
4- Total dry weight/plant (g).
B- Yield and yield attributes
At harvest, samples of 10 guarded plants were taken randomly from the central ridge in each plot to determine the following characters
1- Plant height (cm).
2- Number of branches/ plant.
3- Number of pods/plant.
4- Number of seeds/plant.
5- Pods dry weight /plant (g).
6- Seeds dry weight /plant (g).
7- 100 seed weight (g).
8- Number of seeds /pod.
The central ridges in each in each plot was harvested to determine
1- Fodder yield (ton /fad).
2- Pod yield (ardab /fad).
3- Seed yield (kg/fad).
C- Seed quality
Seed quality was determined from the obtained seed yield at harvest
1- Seed oil content (%) was determined by using the Soxhelt continuous extraction apparatus with petroleum ether (60-800c) as an organic solvent for a period of 12 hours according to A.O.A.C.(1975) .
2- Oil yield (kg\fad) was calculated by multiple seed oil content and seed yield (kg\fad)
Results
A-Effect of irrigation periods
A-1- Growth characters:
1- Increasing irrigation rates by decreasing the period of irrigation from every 12 days up to every 6 days produced gradual and significant increase in plant height in both seasons and over them. Moreover, the results of combined data show that irrigating plants every 6 days increased plant height by 16.82%, 16.56% and 21.00% at 75, 90 and 105 days from sowing compared to irrigation every 12 days, respectively.
2- Increasing irrigation rates by decreasing the period of irrigation from every 12 days up to every 6 days didn’t induce a significant increase in number of branches/plant at 90 and 105 days from sowing in both seasons and their combined data.
3- The relative increase percentage of leaf area index due to irrigation every 6 days were 85.43%, 70.26% and 54.34% in comparison with irrigating every 12 days at 75, 90 and 105 days from sowing respectively.
4- Irrigation of peanut plants every 6 days compared to irrigation every 12 days increased total dry weight (g/plant) by 102.43%, 202.59% and 207.40% at 75, 90 and 105 days from planting, respectively.
A-2- Yield and yield attributes:
1- Plant height, number of pods/plant and number of seeds/plant were gradually and significantly increased by decreasing irrigation intervals from every 12 to 6 days at harvest in both seasons and over them. Meanwhile number of branches/plant was not significantly affected by increasing irrigation rates from every 12 days up to every 6 days in both seasons and their combined data.
2- In comparison with irrigation every 12 days, the relative increasing percentages due to using full irrigation were about 60%, 91 %, 45% and 13% for pods dry weight/plant, seeds weight/plant, 100-seed weight and number of seeds/pod in the combined data, respectively.
3- Applying full irrigation increased fodder, pod and seed yields by 198.70%, 62.9% and 73.42 % compared to applying irrigation every 12 days with combined data, respectively.
A-3- Seed quality
1- Decreasing intervals of irrigation from every 12 to 6 days gradually and significantly increased oil yields (Kg/fad), while the seed oil percentage was significantly decreased in the two seasons and their combined data. In the first and second seasons and their combined data, the highest oil yields (686.76, 745.43 and 716.10 Kg/fad, respectively) were significantly obtained with applying the treatment of irrigation every 6 days, while the highest seed oil percentage (48.83, 51.18 and 50.01%, respectively) were recorded from sever water stress (irrigation every 12 days). Increasing period of irrigation from 6 to 12 days decreased oil yields by 29.37%, while the seed oil percentage was increased by 22.36%.
B- Effect of foliar spraying treatments either micronutrients mixture or AsA
B-1- Growth characters:
1- Generally, the maximum values of plant height were obtained from spraying either micronutrients mixture or 8ppm ascorbic acid without significant differences between them at all growth stages in both season and their combined data.
2- The foliar application either micronutrients mixture or ascorbic acid didn’t cause in significant effect on the number of branches/plant at 75, 90 and 105 days from sowing in both seasons and their combined data.
3- The maximum values of leaf area index of peanut plants were obtained from spraying with the high concentration of ascorbic acid at 75, 90 and 105 days from sowing in both seasons and their combined data.
4- Spraying peanut plants with water, 4ppm AsA, micronutrients mixture and 8ppm AsA produced gradual and significant increases of total dry weight/plant, respectively, at all growth stages in the two seasons and their combined data.
B-2- Yield and yield attributes:
1- The tallest peanut plants and the maximum number of pods were significantly obtained from the treatment of micronutrients mixture or 8ppmAsA without significant differences between them in the second season and their combined data. Meanwhile, the maximum number of seeds/plant was significantly produced from micronutrients mixture followed by 8ppm AsA with significant differences between them in both seasons and their combined data. In the other hand, number of branches/plant was not significantly ameliorated by the exogenous application of micronutrients mixture or ascorbic acid in both seasons and their combined data.
2- The foliar application by micronutrients mixture gave the highest values of pods dry weight/plant, seeds weight/plant and 100-seed weight followed by the high concentration of ascorbic acid with significant difference between them. Meanwhile, the minimum values were obtained from untreated plants.
3- The highest fodder yields kg/fad were obtained from the foliar application by the high concentration of ascorbic acid followed by the mixture of micronutrients with significant differences between them in both seasons and over them, respectively. In comparison to the foliar application by water, the treatments of 8ppm AsA increased fodder yields kg/fad by 42.75 % with combined data. In the other hand, the exogenous application of micronutrients mixture produced significant increase in pod and seed yields in both seasons and their combined data. In comparison to the foliar application with water, the treatments of micronutrients increased pod and seeds yields/fad by 25.84% and 26.30% with combined data, respectively.
B-3- Seed quality
1- The highest oil yield and seed oil content (711.92 Kg/fad and 46.44%) were significantly obtained from the foliar application with micronutrients mixture followed by the treatment of high concentration of AsA, which produced (639.47 kg oil/fad and 45.41%) with the combined data. Meanwhile, the minimum oil yield and seed oil percentages were significantly obtained from untreated plants in both seasons and over them.
C- Effect of the interaction between the two studied factors
C-1- Growth characters:
1- The interaction effects between the tow studied factors were not significant on plant height throughout all growth stages in both seasons and their combined data accept the results obtained from the second season at 105 days from sowing.
2- In the tow seasons and theirs combined data, the interactions between the tow studied factors did not significantly affect on the number of branches/plant at all growth stages.
3- The interactions between irrigation every 6 days (full irrigation) and 8mM ascorbic acid significantly produced the highest leaf area index. In general, under water stress condition, using 8ppm AsA significantly improved LAI compared with the other treatments under the same conditions at all growth stages with combined data.
4- Using the highest rate of irrigation and foliar spray of 8ppm AsA significantly produced the highest total dry weight/plant (154.58g). At 105 days from planting, the results of combined data show also that foliar application of micronutrients mixture under the treatments of water stress gave the same effect on total dry weight (g/plant) in comparison with foliar spray by AsA under the same conditions without significant difference among them.
C-2- Yield and yield attributes:
1- The interactions between the tow studied factors did not significantly affect on plant height, number of branches and number of pods/plant but the number of seeds/plant was significantly interacted.
2- Using either micronutrients mixture or high concentration of ascorbic acid with full irrigation gave significantly higher 100-seed weight (80.52 and 80.43g, respectively) without significant difference between them. Under water stress conditions, both of foliar spray by AsA and micronutrients mixture had the same effects on 100-seed weight.
3- Under full irrigation, the high concentration of AsA gave significantly higher fodder yield (5.27 ton/fad) compared to (3.91 ton/fad) which was obtained from untreated plants. Also, under sever water stress (irrigation every 12 days); the highest concentration of AsA produced about 2.05 ton fodder/fad compared to 0.90 ton/fad which was obtained from untreated plants with combined data. The high concentration of AsA significantly ameliorated fodder yields compared to micronutrients under full irrigation as well as water stress condition. In the other hand, under full irrigation, opposite results were obtained from pod and seed yields, the combined data indicate that the highest values (36.79 ardab pod/fad and 2079.45 kg seed/fad) were significantly recorded under the exogenous application of micronutrients mixtures and followed by (33.14 ardab pod/fad and 1863.47 kg seed/fad) which were obtained from the high concentration of AsA with significant differences between them, respectively. . Generally, under water stress conditions (irrigation every 10 and 12 days), both of foliar spray by 8ppm AsA and micronutrients mixture had the same effect on pod and seed yields.
C-3- Seed quality:
1- The interactions between the two studied factors did not significantly affect on oil yield/fad and seed oil content.