الفهرس 
Heat ExchangersOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
For as long as energy is the largest source of human interest and occupancy of special concern since the beginning of the industrial revolution and enter the era of machines and its substitution in all aspects of life, since then, scientific research is trying hard to provide energy sources for the evolution of life and human development, and for two centuries the fossil fuels (coal and oil) are the main source of energy on the surface of our planet.But twenty-one century’s man was obliged to replace this as the primary source because of declining oil reserves with the growing demand, leading to increase in price, the second reason is the emissions produced by the combustion of petroleum and coal gas harmful to the environment has led to environmental pollution and global climate change appeared evident at the phenomenon of global warming.Until alternatives to oil is out from the scope of academic research and experimentation and become ready for commercial application, we are obliged to improve our use of traditional fuels (fossil) as stipulated in the Copenhagen agreement at the end of meetings of the Global Environment in Copenhagen 7-12 December 2009, with the major industrialized countries pledged to reduce emissions beyond the results of burning fossil fuels, particularly carbon dioxide to cut rates up to 19% in the case of the United States and 40% for China by 2020 through:• Expansion of clean energy projects (wind, solar, )• Make the most of the energy generated from traditional fuels (fossil) by raising the efficiency of the units operating in this type of fuel.If we take this approach which is to raise the efficiency of the units of traditional fuel, we find ourselves deeply interested in the application of this in Egypt, where electrical power plants consume the equivalent of 60% of traditional fuel (natural gas and petroleum byproducts of fuel oil and diesel) so we are strongly interested in studying the performance of those units and it’s efficiencies.In this research, I chose to study the performance of steam condensers with open cooling water cycles at part loads, study and identify the power loss and ways to reduce those losses and raise the efficiency of the condenser as much as possible, recognizing that mean to save millions of pounds, as well as tons of emissions from fuel combustion.I hope that all units be studied using traditional fuels, because the preservation of efficiency of these units will make a big difference, especially if we talk about electric power generation sector, where is forecast to increase capacity of 23500 MW in 2009 to 66000 MW by 2027 to meet the increase in the loads multiplied three times within 17 years so we need when selecting new units to put the efficiency of these units in the first instance to assess and also to maintain the existing units in good condition in order to reach the highest possible efficiency.