الفهرس 
Patients and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
hepatitis C is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, and the most common indication for liver transplantation in developed countries Globally, an estimated 170 million persons, 3% of the world’s population, are chronically infected with HCV and are at risk of developing liver cirrhosis and/or liver cancer, whereas 3 to 4 million persons are newly infected each year.
Gaps in knowledge relating to the epidemiology, transmission routes and disease burden of hepatitis C warrant global surveillance of the disease, in order to determine specific health care measures for prevention and control.
The population of Egypt has a heavy burden of liver disease, mostly due to chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is estimated that approximately fourteen million people in Egypt have been infected with HCV of which 5.0 million may suffer from chronic HCV infection.
HCV infection is more common in males than females and among rural individuals when compared to urban individuals.
Assays which detect HCV antibodies have been available since 1989 and are currently the standard tools for screening blood and organ donations as well as diagnostic testing. Antibody prevalence in blood donors ranged from 6%-38% and averaged approximately 15 %.
This is a cross sectional study included (260) subjects aged from 18 years to 60 years from different areas and places 200patients as a case and 60person as control They included 120 males patients (60%) and 80 females patients (40%); their age ranged from 18 to 60 years Mean age was (44.84± 10.46) years
Aim of the work This work is going to study the prevalence and risk factors for HCV transmission. Prevalence of chronic HCV infection in studied population is higher among men than women (60% and 40%, respectively).
Prevalence is higher among persons residing in rural versus urban areas (70% versus 30%).
A significant correlation was found between HCV results and socio demographic characteristics of the studied subjects. It was revealed that nearly one half of patients (48.5%) of low socio-economic level but (5.5%) of high socio-economic level.
The intrafamilial exposure was significant factor in HCV incidence as the 71% in persons with positive family history seropositive.
One half of subjects with history of blood transfusion are positive for HCV.
And nearly half (48.5%) of subjects who underwent surgical operations have anti HCV positive results and (70%) who exposed to parenteral antischistosmial therapy were positive to HCV.
If a high number of individuals have multiple risk factors, this may provide an inappropriate picture of the true distributions of risk factors and consequently, routes of acquisition. By comparing cases to control as regard risk factors, we observed most of patients exposed to major risk factor and most of them have multiple risk factors .on contrary even control exposed to major risk factors, most of them not exposed to multiple risk.