الفهرس 
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Abstract
The use of black pepper (piper nicrum) in food is ubiquitous. Salt and pepper are consistently offered as condiments with m08t meals. Furthermore, black pepper and its derivatives are commonly used in the manufacture of a variety of commercially prepared foods, such as meats, soaps, pickles, condiments, and suprisinely ice cream, baked goods, nonalcoholic bevernc;c8, and candy (concon ~ al.,1979).