الفهرس 
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
To determine parts of DNA of eight coral reef fishes of family serranidae , genera epinephelus and cephalopholis by using twenty primers (10 nucleotides) To study the phylogenetic differences among the fishes in eash genus of the two genera epinephelus and cephalopholis.
Genetics is the scientific study of the principles of heredity and the variation of inherited traits among related organisms which were discovered at the beginning of 20th century. The molecular genetics is the field of science that combines molecular biology and genetics, also moleculare genetics defined as the branch of genetics that studies the structure and function of DNA at its most basic level (Weiling, 1991; Fulton, 2008 and Beauchamp et al., 2011).Advances in molecular biology techniques have provided the basis for uncovering virtually unlimited numbers of DNA markers. Over the last decade, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become a widespread technique for several novel genetic assays based on selective amplification of DNA. This popularity of PCR is primarily due to its apparent simplicity and high probability of success (Kumar and Gurusubramanian, 2011).The development of DNA amplification using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique has opened up the possibility of examining genetic changes in fish populations over the past years (Ferguson et al., 1995 and Williamson, 2001). Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is a random amplification of anonymous loci by PCR, it has several advantages and has been quite widely employed in fisheries studies, the method is simple, rapid and cheap, it has high polymorphism, only a small amount of DNA is required no need for molecular hybridization and most importantly, no prior knowledge of the genetic make-up of the organism in question is required (Okumus and Çiftci, 2003).The Red Sea is considered as a secondary center of biodiversity as it contains high diversity of fishes and corals. More than 1,000 fish species (Goren and Dor, 1994; Golani and Bogorodsky, 2010).
The genetic studies on the marine fishes in general and Red Sea fishes in particular are almost lacking. This study used Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to identify discrete genetic markers of eight species in two genera (Epinephelus and Cephalopholis) of family Serranidae common coral reef fish in the Red Sea. This technique uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify random regions of species genomes (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and has been termed RAPD-PCR.We demonstrated the use of the technique in revealing genetic variation in four species of genus Epinephelus (Epinephelus chlorostigma, Epinephelus summana, Epinephelus tauvina and Epinephelus fasciatus) and four species of genus Cephalopholis (Cephalopholis oligosticta,Cephalopholis sexmaculata, Cephalopholis hemistiktos and Cephalopholis argus).
The aims of this study
1. To determine parts of DNA of eight coral reef fishes of family Serranidae, genera Epinephelus and Cephalopholis by using twenty primers (10 nucleotides).
2. To study the phylogenetic differences among the fishes in each genus of the two genera Epinephelus and Cephalopholis.
3. To demonstrate the phylogenetic relationship among the fishes inside each genus