الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) is the most demeaning endoscopic procedure in children. It is the most sensitive and specific technique in the evaluation and treatment of children with suspected disorder of the pancrease and biliray tract. The disadvantage is that it is an invasive procedure that frequently need general anesthesia. the use of this technique in children has been limited. This may be due to the relative low incidence of the disease, low incidence of clinical suspicion, limited availability of pediatric duodenoscopes, lack of ERCP experience in children due to little exposure to the procedure, impression that ERCP in children is technically difficult to accomplish difficulty in the effective of evaluation of the therapeutic results, and because the indication and safety of ERCP in children have not been well defined.
Since the procedure is frequently performed by experienced endoscopists, it is important to have a close working collaboration between them and pediatric gastroenterologists.
Gallstone disease is relatively rare in children, occur in children with high risk factors. Common bile duct stones may be secondary not formed in common bile duct in most cases or primary common bile duct stones is less common cases. Most cases are stone passer asymptomatic, some cases symptomatized for biliary colic and mild jaundice, fever or complication of common bile duct stones.
In our study are aimed to evaluate the ERCP as adiagnostic method in cases with calcular obstructive jaundice and to study efficacy and safety of endoscopic sphencterotomy and stone extraction with or without stenting as aprimary line of treatment in children with common bile duct stones.