الفهرس 
Normal metabolism of Macronutrients in the liverOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A total number of 100 patients visiting Internist Departments Dar El shifa Hospital in a government hospital in Cairo were selected provide that they were Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) based on BMI. Patients divided into 2 equal groups according to sex and age (male and female) from 37-87 years old. The weight and length of each participant measured, and BMI calculated. Interviews carried out by the author to fill the questionnaire, which composed of several forms; the first for general characteristics of study sample, the second for health status, the third for food habits, the forth for diet history, the fifth for sex, age, height, weight & BMI, the six for 24 hours recall for daily food intake ( for 2 days ). Blood analyses were also carried out. The resulting arrived at revealed the following: 1. It was found that 69 % of samples were married, 28 % widowed, and absolute 3% and none single. 2. Percent of participants with families was higher ( 85 % ) than percent of named members, indicating that the family may have father, mother, brothers or sisters, with no wife. 3. A lower proportion of sample had small families (less than 5persons), while the majority of study sample ( 66 % ) had moderate to big families ( more than 5 persons ). 4. seventy one percent of participants lived in king lodging (71%), while the other proportion ( 29 % ) in rented lodging. 5. The lodging was mostly two rooms (24 % of sample), three compartments ( 65 % of sample ) or just four room for 11 % of sample. 6. The majority of patients ( 21 % ) were with University education, the minor were illiterate ( 11 % ), followed by read and write ( 30 % ) and preparatory as well as average education ( 38 % each ). 7. University education patients were 21 % of sample, the same was found for read and write patients group ( 30 % ). Preparatory and average education groups were of equal proportions ( 38 % each ), while illiterate patients were 11 % University education was thus much greater for patients ( 21 % ) . 8. Unemployment was much greater for patients( male and females) (24 %), indicating that men are more appreciated in jobs, or such result in simply resulted for the higher percent of illiterate ( 11 % ) and read and write ( 30 % ) among females compared to males. On the contrary working group was higher for males ( 76 % ) than females. 9. Most of participants were of moderate family income (less than 1000 Egpt. pounds) that (22%) from patients and relatively high income (54 %) (More than 1000 Egypt. pounds). Least percent (54 %) recorded for high income families (1000 and more Egpt. pounds), while percent of lowest income (less than1000 Egpt. pounds) families were 22 % of participants. 10. the number of meals taken as 13% of patients were taking 2 meal of the day and that 63% of patients were eating 3 meals a day and that 20% of patients were eating four meals a day and divided three meals a main meal and one light, and 4% of the patients were eating 5 meals a day three meals Curiosities. 11. Found that 27% of patients do not eat breakfast at all, and 3% do not eat at all the food and also found that 70% of patients do not eat dinner. 12. Shows the preferred way of cooking that patients found that 24% of patients preferred method of frying and grilling 36% and preferably 31% preferred way full alike and 4% of patients preferred method of boiling and also 5% of patients prefer the way incomplete settlement. 13. found that 8% of the patients ate vegetables and this shows that the intake of vitamins and fiber have slightly between these patients and that 17% of those who do not eat vegetables on a daily basis and also 75% of the patients sometimes eat vegetables. 14. Also found only 3% of the patients ate fruit and 24% eat fruit on a daily basis is also 75% of the patients ate fruit sometimes. 15. type of meat you eat these patients is 31% of the patients ate lamb and 28% of patients veal and 9% of patients taking Alkndoz and 26% of the patients ate chicken and 6% for other meat eaters. 16. That 8% of patients using vegetable oils for cooking and 15% use ghee and 6% use animal fat and 71% use margarine in cooking. 17. Results also showed that 43% of patients taking the bird flogged and 57% of birds eat skinless 45% of patients taking the coffee, while 55% of patients do not take coffee. 91% of patients taking less than three cups of coffee a day, while 9% of patients taking just more than three cups a day. 18. that 98% of patients suffering from other diseases associated with inflammation of the peritoneum as that 2% of the patients not only suffer from concomitant diseases Found that 25% suffered from diabetes and 5% suffer from heart disease and 15% of patients suffering from liver disease and 12% of patients suffering from kidney disease and that 43% suffered from other diseases. 19. The 93% of patients taking the drug for this disease between 7% were not taking the medication also found that 59% of the patients underwent surgical operations such as (Allows_ Anal fistula_ Hemorrhoid _ A kidney transplant) between them 41% of the patients did not undergo any surgery. 20. Found that 23% of patients suffering from allergies between different types of them Allergic to the chest sensitivity nose allergies_ skin allergies _ allergies a particular type of food, while 77% of patients not suffering from any kind of allergies. Here found significant relationship between all patients. 21. The results showed that 80% of patients were suffering from the disease has been cured, while 20% of patients who were not suffering from the disease has been cured. 22. Also found that 62% of patients had their blood type(O) and 25% of patients had to have a blood type( A )and 9% of patients had to have blood type( B )and 4% of patients had to have blood type( AB). 23. Found that 63% of patients smoke cigarettes, while 37% of patients do not smoke 39% of the patients had been smoking less than 10 years, while 61% was based smoking for more than 10 years . 76% of patients smoked cigarettes, 12% smoke shisha and 12% smoked two together. 24. that 16% of patients were taking alcoholic beverages, while 84% were not taking any alcoholic drinks Found that 52% of patients were infected with parasitic worms such as schistosomiasis - Ascaris worms-Alanklstomo- pinpoint) and has become the results that 49% of patients were treated and 51% of patients were not taking any treatment. 25. Also found that 15% of patients were the case of the teeth have a full 79% of the cases, the teeth have incomplete 6% of patients have no teeth and use dental industry (crews) 11% of the cases were using dentures and 25% of the cases were sometimes used by 36% of the patients were using half of the kit, and 28% of patients using some teeth and this table it is clear that there was a significant relationship between patients. 26. Found that 24% of patients were on Exercise and Sport, 59% of the cases they do not practice any kind of sports between them 17% were practicing sport sometimes Results found that 4% of the cases were resorting to use of the drug treatment without consulting your doctor, and 10% of the patients they do not use the treatment without consulting your doctor, while 86% of the patients were using the treatment without consulting your doctor sometimes. 27. Among the total fat foods, most of sample (mean=164.9) consumed animal fat daily which is a good practice, and less amount ( mean=70,2) consumed plant fat, which is not suitable because this fat is saturated. Also, 27.5 % of total sample consumed daily the shortening while may be health risky due to possibly high free radicals. 28. None of animal protein foods was consumed daily except meat dhani ( 31 % ) and chicken ( 26 %) and wiggly (28%) kanduz (9%) and other meat (6%). Weekly consumption revealed increase of participants consumed meat with addition of liver. 29. Pickles consumption should be reduced because of high salt content which increases the high blood pressure and ascites usually occurred for obese patients. 30. Study sample liked to drink tea (less than three cups 21 % of sample) and coffee (45%) and (55%) of patients not drink coffee. Also about (76%) from the sample smoked cigarettes and (12%) from the patients smoked Shisha. Both smoking and Shisha beverage may have bad effects on health. 31. Diabetes mellitus was high significantly more (25 %) for patient This disease considerably increase with the increase of patients of males and females were diabetic (with significant difference between them ). 32. Liver problems were found for patients (15 % of total sample ). Significant differences were observed between male and female groups. Nevertheless with advancement of age liver diseases become more pronounced for patient. 33. Heart disease was found for patients (5%) of total sample significant differences were observed between patients. 34. The total Iron content of diet related to DRI had significant variations between patients with mean value 38.9 for patients. - the Na % content of the diet relates to DRI of hepatic cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (2g/d) had highly significant variations between patients with mean value 5034.6 with statistical difference between males and females between patients. 35. There were increase of Potassium intake of the diet, and Potassium percentage content of the diet related to DRI (N=4.7mg/d), had significant variations between patients of mean value 4914.1 and statistical difference between males and females between patients. 36. There were increase of Zinc intake in the diet above DRI (10mg/d), with significant variations of Zinc content of the diet related to DRI between patients with mean value 25.82 and statistical difference between males and females between patients. 37. the total protein 33,40 gm the Protein A 13.60gm and Protein P 19.80. Total fat 164.9 the fat A 94,20 gm and Fat P 70.24 gm. the Carbohydrates of Recommend dietary Allowances increased above normal and had variation between patients with values 541.45 respectively. Also there were significant variations between patients. 38. Weight there was increase of values over 125, with significant variations between patient and increased mean values of 88.4 respectively. 39. BMI there were increase of values over 48.80, with significant variations between patients. 40. For patients of the intake of all macronutrients (total calories, protein, fat and carbohydrates) were considerably higher the DRI recommendations. 41. Calculation of protein, fat & carbohydrates as percent of total calories was different from that calculated for DRI recommendations, indicating in balanced food, due much greater protein, and fat and carbohydrates. 42. Calcium intake was above than DRI regardless of gender and age, which is not good for bones health specially for obese subjects with heavy body weight. 43. Iron intake was extremely higher that RDI, with significant differences between both gender. The high level of Fe intake is dangerous for risk of liver cirrhosis by storage of hemosiderin. Fe intake was numerically higher for patients and decreased with advancement of age. Anyhow the high intake of Fe was accompanied by relatively low, cases of iron deficiency anemia. 44. Sodium intake was extremely higher than minimum recommended intake (mean=5034.6) all patients, imposing risks of high blood pressure and other diseases. significant differences observed due to gender. 45. Vitamins intakes were much greater than DRI regardless of age and gender. 46. For vitamin A the intake by males and female was numerically higher value while for vitamin C the intake was numerically higher for patients at both ages, provided that for both vitamins, the intakes increased numerically with advancement of age should be noted that excess of vitamins intakes is not always safe. 47. as indicated by values recorded for Min intakes than RDI a number of study subjects may suffer of certain nutrients deficiencies namely for kcal, fat, carbohydrates, protein, Ca, B2, A and C. 48. Biochemical analyses revealed disorders in liver & renal functions, Moreover numbers of study sample were inflicted with hypothyroidism leading to liver cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis . 49. Hematological analysis revealed deviation of Min & Max values for hemoglobin, and other parameters including the immunity cells (LYM & Mon).