الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was designed to show the genotoxic effect of two herbicide (Bentazon, Glyphosate) on mice through acute toxicity using 1/10 and 1/5 LD50 of both herbicide at 24, 96 hours of exposure and for two months of exposureThe genotoxicity is measured by chromosomal aberration assay, Micronucleus (MN) and Mitotic index (MI). Animals. The genetic examination was carried out on 39 Swiss male albino mice of four months old weighting 20-25 g. Mice were housed in plastic cages with wire cover and fed on a commercial basal diet and water ad libitum for one week before the experiment for acclimatization and to ensure normal growth and behavior. Chemicals. Acute dose of two herbicides (1/10, 1/5 LD50) and the chronic dose 1/20 LD50) were used. The herbicides are; Bentazon (Basagran) with 400 mg/kg body weight oral LD50 and 505 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal LD50. Glyphosate (Glalica) with 1568 mg/kg body weight oral LD50 and intraperitoneal 130 mg/kg body weight Experimental design. For acute treatment, mice were divided into five groups for Bentazon and Glyphosate each group was consists of six mice. Group 1: were fed basal diet only and serve as negative control group. Group 2: were injected intraperitoneal with 1/10 LD50 concentration of Bentazon. Group 3: were injected intraperitoneal with 1/5 LD50 concentration of Bentazon. Group 4: were injected intraperitoneal with 1/10 LD50 concentration of Glyphosate. Group 5: were injected intraperitoneal with 1/5 LD50 concentration of Glyphosate. Half of number of mice killed after 24 hours and the other half killed after 96 hours. In chronic treatment (two months) mice were divided into three groups. Group 1: were fed basal diet only and serve as negative control group. Group 2: received Bentazon orally 1/20 LD50 (20 mg/kg B.W). Group 3: received Glyphosate orally 1/20 LD50 (1.98/kg B.W). Analysis of chromosomal aberrations was done on one femur bone marrow. The animals were sacrificed two hours after intraperitoneal injection of 4 mg/kg body weight colchicine. Analysis of chromosomal aberrations in 50 well spread metaphase per animal including fragments, deletions, ring chromosome, end to end associations, gaps, break and polyploidy were performed. The mitotic index were calculated from 1000 cells per animal. Micronucleus and nuclear budding preparations were prepared from the other femur. The incidence of micronucleated cells and nuclear budding per 500 polychromatic erythrocytes were demonstrated for each animal. The micronuclei represent condensed or chromosome fragments that remain after the nucleus expelled. Results Bentazon 1/5 LD50 concentration after 96 hours induced higher level in aberrant metaphase cells and micronucleus cells. Micronucleus also was high in Bentazon 1/5 LD50 concentration after 24 hours. While, Bentazon 1/10 LD50 concentration after 24 hours induced higher level in nuclear budding cells. Although, Bentazon 1/20 LD50 after two months significantly increased the most types of chromosomal aberration types. Glyphosate 1/10 LD50 concentration after 96 hours induced higher level of most types of chromosomal aberration, mitotic index, number of aberrant cells and nuclear budding cells. chronic doses of Bentazon and Glyphosate induced genotoxicity by through significant increase in the number of aberrant metaphase cells, nuclear budding, micronucleus cells and different types chromosomal aberration. chronic dose of Bentazon was more genotoxic than GlyphosateConclusion Bentazon1-Bentazon 1/5 LD50 after 96 hours of treatment induced higher level in number of aberrant cells and micronucleus cells2-Bentazon 1/20 LD50 after two months induced more types of chromosomal aberrations-Bentazon 1/10 LD50 after 24 hours of treatment induced higher level in nuclear budding cells4-Bentazon 1/5 LD50 after 24 hours of treatment induced higher level in mitotic indexGlyphosate1-Glyphosate 1/10 LD50 after 96 hours induced higher levels in number of aberrant cells, types of chromosomal aberrations, number of nuclear budding cells and in mitotic index2-Glyphosate 1/10 LD50 after 24 hours induced higher level in number of micronucleus cellwas conclude that acute and chronic doses of Bentazon and glyphosate herbicides induced genotoxicity in miceBentazon more genotoxic than Glyphosate where it induced more types of chromosomal aberrations Recommendation All precautions should be taken to human and animals when applying Bentazon or Glyphosate at the fields to minimize their genotoxic effects.