الفهرس 
Introduction & RationalOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Several factors contribute to the decline in hearing acuity with
increasing age. A part of age related hearing impairment (ARHI) is influenced by genetic risk factors, exposure to noise and toxic substances and the occurrence of certain diseases. The relative contributions of the different risk factors are difficult to estimate, and the interactions between them remain unclear.
ARHI starts slowly around the fifth decade and worsens gradually, becoming the most common sensory impairment in the elderly.
The study was around risk factors affecting presbycusis as regard
smoking, BMI, hypertension and DM.
The study showed that risk factors was arranged according to their effect on hearing threshold as follow:
1-Smoking was the most factor to affect hearing threshold and the smoking index was found to have positive effect.
2-Hypertension was second risk factor to affect hearing threshold.
3-BMI was third factor as regard effect on hearing threshold especially at high frequencies but found to have no effect on speech discrimination.
While DM was found to have no effect on neither hearing threshold nor speech discrimination.