الفهرس 
chapter 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Wireless sensor networks usually consist of a large number of small sensor nodes with limited onboard energy supply and deployed densely in a given for information harvesting purposes.
Routing has been a challenging in the design of WSNs. Clustering is a key technique used to extend the lifetime of a sensor network by reducing energy consumption. In this thesis. a Stable and Energy Efficient Clustering (SEEC) protocol is proposed. It is a heterogeneous protocol that combines the features of both energy efficiency oriented protocols and stability oriented protocols. In addition. the extension to Muli-Level of SEEC (M-SEEC) is presented.It depends on the structure of the network. Security in WSN adds a new dimension to SEEC protocol In this thesis a new secure routing protocol is proposed; called Secure SEEC (S-SEEC). Which implements a security mechanism on SEEC routing protocol. The RPK scheme is improved to be suitable for the proposed S-SEEC protocol. since; the RPK scheme designed for flat based networks. Implementing this scheme in a cluster based networks suffers from some problems. The challenge in implementing the RPK scheme in S-SEEC is reduce orphans by exploiting connectivity of the network.