الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Sugar beet is the major sugar production crop grown in temperate zones, and contributes approximately 37- 45% of the world’s supply, with the rest derived from sugarcane. In addition to sugar from sugar beet it is possible to obtain a considerable amount of leaves, slices from of leaves, slices from roots and molasses, which are valuable as animal feed. In most temperate climates, beets are planted in the spring and harvested in the autumn. At the northern end of its range growing seasons as short as 100 days can produce commercially viable sugar beet crops. crop productivity suffers extensively from the damage caused by pathogens and diseases. However, in view of the fact that sugar beet is a biannual plant and the modern cultivars are highly heterozygous, being naturally cross-pollinated, the developing of new varieties by conventional breeding is difficult. Therefore a biotechnology strategy for sugar beet may be expected to aid the breeders in introducing specific traits into commercially valuable genotypes. Development of an in vitro regeneration protocol and a micropropagation system for sugar beet is considered a very important step for its genetic manipulation by modern biotechnology methods. In this respect, several attempts have.