الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A critically ill patient is one at imminent risk of death; the
severity of illness must be recognized early and appropriate
measures taken promptly to assess, diagnose and manage the
illness
Critically ill patients present to the anesthetist from three main
areas within the hospital. The Emergency Department,The
general hospital, The Intensive Care Unit. These patients face
three main problem Traumatic injuries, hemorrhagic shock,
Hypothermia, Severe sepsis which causes variant types of
arrhythmias.
Pathophysiology of arrhythmias mainly occurs between the
atria and ventricles as reentry, accessory conduction pathways
(”bypass tracts”) such as the bundle of Kent, suppressed
automaticity, enhanced automaticity
Preoperative arrhythmias predicted from pre- operative
assessment of critically ill patients by acute physiology and
chronic health evaluation score, Simplified acute physiology
score, Mortality prediction model, Sepsis-related organ failure
assessment, multiple organ dysfunction score, Sepsis score,
The Revised Trauma Score (TS) Preoperative arrhythmias occurs due to many reasons as
electrolyte imbalances, co-morbidity, hormone mediators or
direct physical stimulation either by the surgeon or anesthetist
can precipitate dysrhythmias, hypoxia and drugs
Preoperative arrhythmias are atrial as, Sinus arrhythmia(
Atrial ectopic, Atrial ectopic,) Sinus tachycardia,
Supraventricular tachycardias, Paroxysmal supraventricular
tachycardia (PSVT),Atrial fibrillation (AF), Sick sinus
syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and Ventricular
arrhythmias Non-sustained ventricular arrhythmias ventricular
arrhythmias, Sustained VT(monomorphic and polymorphic in
monomorphic VT)
Intra operative arrhythmias, emerging from the time of entry
the operative room for surgery to the time of discharge, are
still an unresolved, potentially preventable clinical problem.it
caused by Physiological, Electrolyte disturbance, malignant
hyperthermia, Special surgeries, Cardiac disease, Drugs.
Intraoperative atrial arrhythmias are atrial arrhythmias such as
paroxysmal or multifocal atrial to atrial fibrillation and flutter
and ventricular arrhythmias are sustained VT or fibrillation,
cardiac arrest and bigeminy and heart block which treated by
Rate control, Rhythm Control, Surgical therapy.Post-operative arrhythmias are common problem which may
be simple tachycardia paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
paroxysmal or multifocal atrial tachycardias, Atrial fibrillation,
Malignant ventricular arrhythmias (fibrillation or tachycardia)
these types should be predicted and treated to improve
outcome of surgeries.