الفهرس 
Types of QOL measures
Determinants of QOLOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 151 |  |  |
| | | from | 151 | | |
Abstract
Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is bed-wetting beyond the age of 5 years,when nocturnal bladder control would normally be expected.It can be divided into primary and secondary forms. Primary nocturnal enuresis defined as repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes at least twice a week for at least three consecutive months in a child 5 years of age or older. Nocturnal enuresis may also be classified as monosymptomatic and poly-symptomatic.Primary nocturnal enuresis is common among children and adolescents with an estimated prevalence of 5–10% at the end of 10 years,Males outnumber females by3:2The impact on children as they ge older can be enormous, with repercussions that include humiliation, bewilderment, loss of self-esteem,along with impinging on their ability to sleep over at friends’ houses and attend school camps. They may be aware that their bedroom smells and so may not allow friends to enter it. They may also be aware of the extra work and expense that their problem imposes on their parents.The available evidence suggests that NE has a multifactoria.