الفهرس 
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Chemical contentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Two field trials were carried out in each of 1997 and
1998 growing seasons at Wadi Sudr Experimental Station,
Desert Research Center on blue panic (Panicum antidotale)
The trials were designed to evaluate the response of panic
plants to water irrigation salinity i.e. 3400 and 5800 ppm
and different levels of two amendments, i.e., powder
elemental sulfiu· (0.0, 0. 75 and 1.5 t/fad) or organic manure
(0.0, I 0, 20 and 40m3/fad) and their combinations.
The summary was divided as follows:
I. Effect of powder elemental sulfur on:
I. I. Growth characters:
The data in the first season indicated that growth
characters of panic plant including plant height, tillers
number !/8m2 and flag leaf area did not significantly affect
by sulfur application at every cut under the two levels of
water irrigation salinity. Using water with high salinity
realised appreciable decreases of the above parameters. It
was also found an intrinsic increases in the average of
growth parameters versus the cut lllllllber. Maximum values
were ltlllnd at the third cut i(JIIowed by remarkable
decreases at the fourth one.
In I <)98 season, the samt: trend was found with higher
rt:stilts as compared to the first one. In addition the data of
both seasons were highn at 3400 than 5800 pp1n water
salinity.
1.2. Yield parameters:
The data of the first season cleared significant
incrc<Jses in le<Jves, stems and their total fresh yield with
applying 0.75 t sulfur/litd at the first and second cuts. At
I 0 I
the third and fourth cuts, applying 1.5 I sulfm/l:1d obtained
statistically the highest yields. This finding was noticed
under irrigation with each of :\400 or 5800 ppm water
salinity. In addition the higher the concentration of water
salinitv the lower the plant fi-csh yield. Also, the yield
parameters were increased by ndvnncing the cut rcnching
tlw maximum v:1lues at the third one l”ollowcd by mmkcd
decrement at the fomlh cut.
In I <J’lS gro\\ing SC<lSOII. the maximum fresh and drv
pl;mt yields and accumulated yields were <II 1.5 I sui furll~1d
and low water irrigntion snlinily. The fresh yields were
increased by ndvancing cut till the fourth one nncl
substantially decreased nlthc last one. In addition, the high
water irrigntion salinity decreased all the above parameters.
I.:\ Chcmicnl content:
The dntn elucidate high significant values of crude
protein, total cnrbohydratcs and crude fibers due to
applying 1.5 t sulfur/fad. The highest crude protein colllcnl
was monitored nt the third cut. Whereas, ether extract and
ash content in stems and leaves were slightly alTeclcd by
sulfur dose at each cut under two levels of water irrigntion
salinilv. The concentrations of” crude protein, ether cxlracl.
ash and fibers were higher i11 leaves than stems of panic
plants. Concerning crude l”ibcrs conttnl, the highest values
were i<HIIHl al I he second cut. The average of ether extract
:md ash content were insignificantly affected by sulfur doses
under the two levels of water irrigation salinity.
from the above findings, it could he mentioned thai
leaves of panic plnnts arc richer in crude protein, ether
extract and ash contents than stems. Also, there was a slight
effect of water irrigation snlinity on chemical composition
of leaves and stems in 1998 growing season. In addition ,
the crude protein content was lower in the second than the
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first growing season. Generally, the dose of 1.5 t sulfur/fad
gave the best chemical content in vegetative organs of panic
plants.
2. Effect of organic manure:
2.1. Growth characters:
The data observed that plants irrigated with 3400 or
5800 ppm water salinity did not affect the plant growth
characters at the first cut under the different levels of
organic manure. Thereafter the growth parameters increased
with increasing organic manure dose. It means that the
maximum values were at I 0, 20 and 40 m3 organic
manure/fad at the second, third and fourth cuts, respectively.
The response of panic plants was higher under low than
high water salinity.
In the second 1998 growing season, the maximum
tillers number/n/ and nag leaf area were in the second and
third cuts by adding I 0 111
1 organic manure/fad. Increase the
organic manure dose up to 40 m3 obtained the maximum
values at the fourth and fifth cuts. These results were true
under 3400 or 5800 ppm water salinity. The maximum
values of growth parameters were at the third cut followed
by gradual decreasing till the last one.
2.2. Yil’ld l’:tr:nnefl’n;
The fresh yield of leaves and stems was increased by
mcrcasing organic manure level up to 20 rn3/fad. Whereas,
the total fin;Jge yield obtained the highest significant values
at 40m1/fad. These findings were noticed under low 3400 or
high 5800 ppm water salinity. In the second season, the
fresh yield parameters were increased by increase organic
manure dose till 40 m3/fad. These results were found at each
cut nnd under the two studied levels of water salinity. The
I ()(,
(>\>taincd values were higher than those at the first season. ln
addition, in both two seasons, all studied growth parameters
were increased versus cut number reaching the maximum at
the third one then diminished at the li.1urth and lirth ones.
In the lirst season, the data indicated high
performance of plants to accumulate dry matter in leaves
and sll’ms by increasing organic manure doses to 20 m1/bd
The dry matter yield of plant organs reached its maximum
values at the third cut (i.)llowed by intensive decrease at the
fomth one. In addition, the income of plant dry matter was
higher under low than high salinity. In the second season,
the rak of dry matter accumulation was higher than at the
rirst season. The highest results obtained at the rirst three
cuts were at 40m1 organic manure dose. Whereas, at the
fourth and !in h cuts, I Om’ organic manure was more
adapted
2.3. Chemical content:
The data revealed that 20 m’ organic manure/fad was
the suitable dose for maximum concentration of most of the
biological components in panic plant stems and leaves.
;\\cragl’ crude protein and crude fibers in the two seasons
and under the two levels of water irrigation salinity reached
their maximum values at the third and second cuts,
n:spcctivcly, followed by gradual decrement. Plant leaves
showed higher concentrations of crude protein; crude fibers,
ether extract and minerals then stems. The crude protein
L’\lntcnt in leaves and stems were markedly decreased in the
second comparing to the first season. These decreases were
corresponding with remarkable increment in total
carbohydrates and crude fibers in stems and ether extract in
leaves and stems of panic plants. In the second season, the
data showed remarkable increase in crude protein and ether
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extract content in stems and leaves versus cut number till
the third one followed by gradual decrease. The same
observation was found for p:n1ie plants under higher salinity
of both the soil and water irrigation.
3. Effect of inten1ction between sulfur and organic
manure on :
3.1. G•·owth chan1cters:
Statistical analysis of the data indicated no significant
effects of the interaction between powder elemental
sulfur and organic manure.
3.2. Yield pa•·amete•·s:
In 1998 growing seasons, the panicum plants gave the
maximum highest yield of stems leaves and total forage by
applying the combination of20m1 organic manure and 1.5 t
sulfur/fad.
3.3. Chemical content:
The response of pantc plants to accumulate the
maximum values of the biological components under
irrigated with 3400 ppm water salinity was as li:lllows: In
1997 growing season the highest values li1r crude fibers and
ash content (I’’ cut) in sten1s, total carbohydrates and ash
content (]’” cut) and crude protein (4’11 cut) in leaves. In
1998 growing season, it was li.)und for crude protein (3”1
cut). crude fibers (’I”’ cut) and ash content (5’11 cut) in stems
:md ether L’\:lr:Jcl (<1’ 11 cut) in leaves. This finding was
obtained by applying the combination of 40 m1 organic
manure and 1.5 t sulfur/fi1d. This combination was also
found for plants irrigated with 5800 ppm water salinity The
maximum values in 1997 season were for crude protein (I’’
;md .1 rd cuts) in stems, crude fibers and ether extract (I st
lOS
cut) and crude protein (3’d cut) in the leaves. In 1998 season,
maximum values were found for crude protein (3”1 cut) and
et 11 er extract (5 th cut) 1.1 1 stems b y app 1y m. g 20 n1’1 orr,am. c
manure and 0.75 t sulfur/li1d as well as crude fibers (5 1
’ cut)
in leaves under 40 m’ organic manure and 1.5 t sulfur/fad.