الفهرس 
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Abstract
Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) defined chronic kidney disease either by a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), irrespective of etiology, or by signs of kidney damage such as proteinuria (including microalbuminuria), hematuria, or abnormal imaging or biopsy findings. chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized as a major health problem worldwide. It is common in the general population and is associated with major health care expenditures. Kidney transplantation is a treatment method for renal function replacement which provides an improved quality of life and better survival in comparison to patients treated with dialysis. The patients with stage 4 chronic kidney disease and endogenous creatinine clearance 30 mL/ min/1.73m2 (15-29 mL/min/1.73m2) are introduced into the kidney transplant program, as well as those with stage 5 CKD and endogenous creatinine clearance 15 mL/min/1.73m2 Cortisol is the principal glucocorticoid (GC) hormone produced by the adrenal cortex in humans. The production of cortisol is the result of a series of reactions that involve the concerted action of several enzymes within the adrenals. The first step of steroidogenesis is the uptake of cholesterol to the mitochondria facilitated by the action of StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory) protein.