الفهرس 
الإنسان والفرغ المعمارييوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
When defining the true nature of the architecture, we find it is an art of creation and configuration, and it is intended to configure the architectural spaces have a presence and remains for decades.
In view of the configuration of architectural spaces in ancient civilizations we find it was characterized by a spatial experience added a distinctive impression to visitors and gave it permanence and eternity –in their memory- over time.
This effect appears to visitors of one of the ancient Egyptian temples and during roaming between different spaces or upon entry to one of the churches of the Gothic era and the sense of awe and reverence to the visitors.
The spatial experience and distinctive impression of the space leads to users or visitors that type of interconnection and finding a common language and lead to a kind of sensory and cognitive integration between them and those spaces..
But over time the spaces used by human whether residential or administrative or healthy or educational spaces become meet the functional requirements only without attention to other elements, such as the study of the needs and psychological requirements of users, so the resulting spaces became rigid geometric configurations and didn’t have a sensory and cognitive impact on users and therefore is no longer an integration with them and which are staying in the memory and consciousness of users by using the spatial experience distinguishes these spaces.
In the search for ways of human integration with architectural space the study used some of the principles of Science and contemporary Humanities which are used to configure spaces have physiological and psychological positive impact to human, such as the Energy Sciences studies (Feng Shui and Biogeometry), and study some trends that have a role in the design of spaces characterized by general theme and atmosphere which give these spaces their impact , and the sensory integration is required Phenomenology trend.
Research Problem
Due to the continuing the rapid pace of human development and technological methods used in various areas of life, the paramount concern became to reach maximum utilization and functionality of things and this has had an impact on the architecture and space design which has become only functional priority without consideration of the type of technical and aesthetic desires and that should be studied and analyzed to gain access to accurate data and information on the different types and patterns of behavior.
Also, we find waste and disregard for the environmental factors surrounding the spaces and it is not intended only techniques such as light intensity, measurements of temperature, humidity, wind speed and other, but what is meant is the study of environmental factors affect the space nature or the type of impression left by this space in the hearts of its users which varies according to the functional nature.
Such as the study of the process of mutual respiration between light and shadow and the contrast between the two to create an atmosphere and a certain intimation in this space down to study the effect of wind direction in the selection of places and shape of the openings and finishing materials.
All these factors are powerful tools that architect can study and translate into spaces with functional efficiency for users and associated with the external environment and advantage of nature affect the realization of its users in order to achieve the desired integration either ignores those elements resulting in unsatisfactory spaces and ineffective to its users.
Research Scope:
- The study determined the scope of the study of Bioenergy sciences (Feng Shui –Bio Geometry) and philosophical trends (Phenomenology) in order for its role in the design internal integrated spaces for users and this study do not include the Urban Spaces.
- Selection the criteria of the phenomenological trend in design integral architectural space as the basis for the analytical study of building examples in the case study.
Research Objectives:
The main objective of the research to draw a set of determinants and foundations through which to formulate architectural spaces integrated with their users of functionality, environments and distinctive character achieves satisfaction to its users and the psychological and aesthetic pleasure. In order to achieve this main objective there are several secondary objectives appear as follows:
- Study spaces during eras and civilizations depending on the types of relationships and mutual influences between human and these space and check their integration ability with their users.
- Highlighting the design principles using Bioenergy sciences and its positive psychological and physiological effects, in space design as one of the means used to achieve complementary and energetic balance between the space and users.
- Access to the most important foundations of design considerations for space using Phenomenology as a philosophical trend that were used to access the principle of integration between human and architectural space.
Research Methodology:
In order to achieve the objectives of the research mentioned above and discuss the research problem and study of all aspects and conclusion Secondary objectives we follow the following Methodology:
- Theoretical Issue:
The research adopted theoretical approach to monitor and extrapolate concepts and definitions about two items of architectural work: the first the human being with his physical and psychological components surrounding and ecological environment. The second is architectural space with its physical determinants and its components, followed by a study of the types of mutual relationships between human and architectural space and the effect of both of them on the other in eras and civilizations according to the different paradigm concepts and principles access to fields of the contemporary humanities. Such as Bioenergy science and philosophical trends that have studied its principles and its impact on the design process of architectural space, in order to devise a set of determinants, and design considerations which recommended to be applied to access to the concept of the integral architectural space.
- Analytical Issue:
Based on the analysis and projection theoretical study on local and international examples of some modern buildings and monitor the achievement of the principles and considerations that have been drawn from this theoretical study and make comparisons to know the extent of the realization of integration principle with users. Finally, after analyzing all the data and studies, we reached to a comprehensive summary of the research study and a set of results and recommendations Research Structure:
The research consists of four chapters include the following:
Chapter 1: Human and Architectural Space
The chapter begins with the definition of the human being with his perception of his physical senses, anthropometric measurements, and the study of the psychological components of his personality, social harmonizing, customs and traditions and religious beliefs, down to the surrounding environment with ecological and cultural elements. Then comes the phase of study of architectural space with its determinants and physical components of floors, walls, ceilings, openings, integrated elements of decorations, plants and colors.
The examining space elements impact on the ongoing process of human perception shows the meaning of human interaction with the space in a mutual relationship between them have emerged over the centuries and civilizations
Chapter 2: The Mutual Relationship between Human Architectural Space and Methods of Integration between them during Eras and Civilizations
The study of spaces based on the type of relationship and influence on human beings, which appeared in the design of such spaces during those times, and what has been achieved by the methods of integration with its users, such as: Religious relationship which appeared in design spaces of ancient Egyptian architecture, the churches of the Gothic era or anthropometric relationship based on dimensions of the human body as the spaces in Greek civilization, architecture of the Renaissance and the architecture of Modernism (Modular) for Architect Le Corbusier.
There were also appeared spaces based on social development as the architecture of Roman civilization, Byzantine architecture and Bauhaus architecture. Also, there are relations towards intellectual and cultural or technological development as the postmodernism, deconstructivism and Metabolism architecture.
And with the rapid technological development and the increased awareness of the importance and preservation of the environment appeared green architecture trend and the architectural trend of intelligent buildings interacting with the surrounding environment. The interactive architecture with the senses by using modern technological methods has become to influence the physiological senses on the human perception.
Hence the concept of architectural space effect on its users and integration with them is the focus of attention and studying many architects and in order to achieve this, they used various human studies and philosophical trends that have had a clear positive psychological and a physiological impact on design of the architectural spaces.
Chapter 3: Recent and Contemporary Sciences and Philosophical Trends That Achieved More Integrated Spaces with Its Users
This chapter deals with the study of the humanities, which is the approach to achieve the required integration between human and architectural space as Bioenergy Sciences, including science of Feng Shui and Bio-Geometry which influence in the formulation of balanced spaces in terms of Bioenergy and the reflection on the psychological and physiological spaces users.
The chapter also deals with the study one of contemporary philosophical trends, which is ( phenomenology trend )that has a clear impact on architecture and its role in creating spaces have a sensory experience and cognitive impact to its users. It follows a study of some spaces are designed according to the theory of phenomenology trend and draw the bases could be used and employed in the design process for space achieve a desired integration between man and the space. These are the considerations of design which will evaluate the space and the extent of its success in achieving integration component.
Chapter 4: Analytical Study of Local and International Buildings and the Extent of the Elements Application of Integration of the Spaces with Its Users
This chapter deals with the study of local examples such as: Home of the Egyptian artist Mahmoud Saeed for the architect Hassan Fathy, building of visitors of Wadi El-Gemal Center at Marsa Alam.
There are also examples of global buildings vary their activities between residential, administrative, educational spaces and analysis of design methods of those spaces of buildings and what has been achieved by the principles of phenomenology to access the integrated spaces in terms of functionality, respect for the human needs, respect for the surrounding environmental aspects of the building and achieve spatial experience.
The chapter concludes with a comparison table view examples and check which of them realized the principles of integration.
Results and Recommendations:
The research ends showcasing the overall results, and access to recommendations concerned the need to activate the role of the integral design of the space and the importance of the broader and more comprehensive application in urban environmental planning.