الفهرس | يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام |
المستخلص The Wind catchers ( Mlaaqaf al-Hawaʼ ) Egyptian solution architecturally to the problem of temperatures rising up in urban and desert climate, which lies on the outskirts of some cities, hence the importance of this topic in the field of Islamic architecture through the ages, starting from Tulunid to the end of the Ottoman era through Fatimid and Ayyubid The Mamlukeras. This subject has never been under scientific study by specialists, but used to be came partially in studies, some in the field of Islamic Archaeology and some of them in engineering such as the master Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University of Khaled Selim Vajal titled Developing Malqaf al-Hawaʼ in order to be used in contemporary Egyptian architecture, but did not refer to Mlaaqaf effects of the Mamluk and Ottoman eras, and Photographed, but noted Malqaf qaa Muhibb al- Din, Malqaf Palace Gawhara, and photographed, and an article by the French scholar Olivier Jaubert entitled (Capteurs de vents dʼÉgypte), which describes Mlaaqaf al-Hawaʼ in Egypt but incomplete, and Ph.D. thesis of Imad Ajwa, Faculty of Archeology entitled architectural solutions treatment of the phenomena of climate architecture Cairo since its inception until the end of the Ottoman era, includes an overview of the Mlaaqaf during the Pharaonic era, and different Islamic eras, included photographs mostly. Perhaps the regularity of the climate atmosphere in Egypt and the stability of North wind directions explains the prevalence and persistence of these Almlaagaf be simplified. And shape Egyptian Mlagaf back to the Pharaonic era, however, is still a distinct and continuing until the end of the Ottoman era, and often were made of pure wood, and draws their openings towards the northeast or northwest, as well as towards the south and east towards the south- west. This thesis consists of an introduction and preface, Four chapters and a conclusion and List of sources and references. The following is a summary of the contents of these chapters: Chapter one: Its address of the factors affecting The wind catchers ( al Mlaaqaf ) in Islamic architecture, and includes a definition of The Wind catcher ( al Malqaf ) , factors affecting climate in Cairo, Technical Description of The wind catchers ( Mlaaqaf al-Hawaʼ ), building material The wind catchers (al Mlaaqaf ), and rooting The wind catchers ( Mlaaqaf al-Hawaʼ ). Chapter two: it is title The Wind catchers ( Mlaaqaf al- Hawaʼ) sources and documents in the Mamluk and Ottoman, deals with the names The Wind catcher ( Malqaf al-Hawaʼ ) in the Mamluk and Ottoman eras and places that we found out specifically, this Wind catchers ( al Mlaaqaf ) material industry. Chapter III: Its title The Wind catcher ( Malqaf al-Hawaʼ) during the Mamluk period, and includes an overview of the Mlaaqaf with a detailed explanation to them, and their places in the installations, with giving brief summary of these facilities by dividing the chapter to: First: religious facilities included (mosques, schools and Khanquaoat), Secondly: civilian facilities included (palaces and houses), Also addresses the relationship Almlaaqaf elements of lighting and ventilation installations inside,The bottom line is that this chapter stressed that Almlaagaf various types found in most installations, despite their diversity between religious and civil. The fourth Chapter and the last one titled The Wind catcher ( Malqaf al-Hawaʼ) during the Ottoman era and includes an overview of the Mlaaqaf with a detailed explanation to them, and their places in the installations, which increased diversity during this era, with a brief explanation of these facilities by dividing the chapter to: First: religious facilities of Ottomans, secondly: religious facilities of the era of the family of Muhammad Ali Pasha, Third: Ottoman civilian facilities, fourth: civic installations of the family of Muhammad Ali. Fifth: commercial establishments of the era of the family of Muhammad Ali Pasha, I was keen to clarify the interaction with the elements of al mlaaqaf lighting and ventilation inside the installations, and proved this chapter al mlaaqaf frequent use of the wooden ceiling italics beside other types of Mlaaqaf. It also provided the study by 107 diagrams, and special album contains 137 photographic plate. Finally, a conclusion included a presentation of the most important results of the search, and most important: different angle of inclination of this type of al mlaaqaf during the Mamluk and Ottoman eras, and that the best angle of inclination to grab the air is 30 ° degrees, and the use of architecture al mlaqaf as an optimal solution to the problem of damage detection, it which is forbidden by Islam and Vgahaúh, and the clear relationship between planning and al mlaqaf, where any able architect in the Mamluk and Ottoman eras take into account design rules for linking Almlagaf and surmounted by a space, and devoid of decoration al mlaaqaf Mamluk, while less appearance on al mlaaqaf during the Ottoman era. And so many of the results have been reached. As well as three schedules: First Schedule includes limitation types Almlaagaf which been received the study, and the second Schedule includes the degree of inclination Mlaagaf Second type ever italicized ceiling, which been received the study, and the Third schedule includes misaligned Almlaagaf which been received the study. The bibliography appended to the forms and the list of the plates, which was adopted by this study, As well as the proven sources and references in Arabic and foreign languages, which was adopted by this study. |