الفهرس 
الاطار المنهجي للدراسةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
 |  | from | 7 |  |  |
| | | from | 7 | | |
المستخلص
The study problem has been formulated in analyzing the news frames
of press coverage for the Egyptian affairs in a sample of electronic
English - speaking American and Israeli newspapers by studying the
coverage of those newspaper the events in the period has preceded
during, before and after the revolution of January 25; in addition to
exploring the degree of agreement and difference between the news’
frames used in the newspaper under study and whether there is
discrepancy or similarities in newspapers’ attitudes toward events and
their countries’ policies and situations toward the same events.
The importance of this study is determined by being contemporary for
the developments that have occurred on the Egyptian arena and its impact
on relationships with the U.S. and Israel, in addition to the theory of news
frames used as the study’s theoretical frame which is one of the theories
that allow monitoring the embedding content and revealed ideological
trends; as well as the importance of period studied.
Therefore, the study aims at:
1. Identifying the nature and size of the newspapers’ interests in
Egyptian affairs.
2. Identifying the nature of the issues rose in the newspapers under study
and the extent of agreement or disagreement between these
newspapers in terms of addressing these issues.
3. Monitoring the agreement or disagreement between the two
newspapers (U.S. and Israeli) in their treatment for Egyptian affairs.
4. Comparing the news frames through which the newspaper under
study providing Egyptian affairs and the aspects highlighted by each
frame and the aspects that have been ignored and overlooked.
5. Identifying the extent of agreement and disagreement between the
news discourses presented in the two newspapers (U.S. and Israel)
and the ideological trend of their countries.
6. Monitoring and explaining the agreement and disagreement between
the two newspapers (U.S. and Israeli) in dealing with the affairs of
Egypt over different periods of time (before, during and after the
revolution of January 25, 2011).
Summary
- 2 -
Through reviewing literature associated with the topic of this study,
many research questions have been formulated:
The analysis is guided by the following research question:
“What is the degree of agreement or disagreement among the
frames of news coverage in the newspapers under study?” and it has
been elaborated to the following sub-questions:
1- What is the degree of newspapers’ interest in Egyptian affairs?
2- What kind of Egyptian issues that the newspapers keen to highlight?
3- What are the resources that every newspaper relied on in getting
information about Egypt?
4- What are the kinds of journalistic writing forms used in coverage of
Egyptian affairs in newspapers under study?
5- What kind of images and graphics used in newspapers and how do
those newspapers benefit from hypermedia technology - offered by
the internet – in their treatment of Egyptian affairs?
6- How could the newspapers under study frame the Egyptian affairs
during the study period?
7- What are the most important arguments and proofs have been adopted
by the journalistic discourse in these newspapers?
8- What are the most effective agents that have emerged in the
journalistic discourse presented in the newspapers?
9- What are the roles’ features attributed to the main agents that have
emerged in the journalistic discourse presented in the newspapers?
The study uses the method of media survey and the comparative
method through using the content analysis in its quantitative and
qualitative form; by using tools from discourse analysis , in addition to
the analysis of the news frames to reveal the embedding content of the
journalistic materials which is the core of the study in newspapers: New
York Times “American newspaper” and Haaretz “Israeli newspaper”
lasting for four months that started from 1 December 2010 to 31 March
2011 whic include the events before, during, and after the January 25
revolution.
Summary
- 3 -
This study is divided as follows:
Chapter one: The methodological framework of the study.
Chapter two: The theoretical framework of the study.
Chapter three: A reading in Egyptian conditions during the last decade
from 2000 to 2010.
Chapter four: The analytical study results of New York Times.
Chapter Five: The analytical study results of Haaretz.
Chapter six: Discussing the results of the study.
After analyzing the sample of newspapers, the study concluded the
following results:
1- The differentiation of the study’s newspapers in their framing of the
Egyptian affairs during the time duration of the study as their
treatment differ depending on the ideological trend and according to
what serve the strategic interests of their countries. The Israeli
journalistic discourse counts on media strategy that consistent with
Israeli foreign policy based primarily on the defense of the peace
treaty with Egypt and all that serve Israel’s strategic interests in the
Middle East. The New York Times presents media strategy that
consistent with U.S foreign policy and justifies it.
2- New York Times has published 306 journalistic themes mainly about
Egypt; Haaretz has published 418 journalistic themes covers Egypt
during the study period, which show the remarkable concern of
newspapers in Egyptian affairs.
3- The events of the Egyptian revolution and its spillovers are on top of
the list of events which newspapers focus on in their treatment of
Egyptian affairs.
4- The political , economic and security themes emerge on top of the
treatment of foreign newspapers for Egyptian affairs; as the study is
going along with the 2010 parliamentary elections and the events of
the Egyptian revolution and its impacts. Economic issues have been
linked to the events of the Egyptian revolution and their spillovers on
the economy as well as the economic problems of Egypt and the most
prominent security issues represented in the Saints Church bombing.
Summary
- 4 -
5- the newspapers depend on the news materials in dealing with the
affairs of Egypt, and this reflects their commitment to immediate
follow-up of renewable events, followed by articles of opinion this
refers to the concern of the newspapers of the study to strengthen
their ideological intellectual positions.
6- The newspapers differ in the sources they rely upon during the time
duration of the study.
7- The two newspapers differ in their framing of Egyptian affairs over
different time duration particularly the period before and during the
January 25 revolution. The analytical study results prove:
- New York Times has framed the results of the 2010 parliamentary
elections as fraudulent process marred by numerous violations of
those in charge of the government and the National Democratic Party,
while Haaretz has reported that the election process was fair and that
some violations are not sufficient to cast doubt on the outcome of the
vote. It also has confirmed that the reasons for the victory of the party
that it has popular support and the newspaper blames the opposition
because they are weak and fighting among themselves.
- The newspapers differ in framing the Saints Church bombings; the
New York Times frame it as an attack on the christian minority
”religious issue” and the reason is sectarian tensions returning
responsibility to the government in lack of control over sectarian
tensions and focused attention on the importance to protect churches
and Copts in Egypt, while the Haaretz describes it as a terrorist event
”security event” and returns the reasons to external attack and al-
Qaeda organization as being responsible for it, demonstrating the
importance of cooperation for elimination of terrorism in the region.
- New York Times Describes the protests that have erupted on January
25 as “revolution” and “uprising” and attributed the causes to
Mubarak’s authoritarian rule and his failure to manage the country,
focusing as well on corruption, the emergency law, political
oppression, dictatorship and police brutality as reasons for the
outbreak of protests , while Haaretz describes the protests as riots,
unrest and chaos and it has focused on economic reasons , not the
political ones, represented in poverty, unemployment and rising
prices.
Summary
- 5 - New York Times blames Mubarak, his party, and the government,
while the Israeli newspaper Haaretz drops the responsibility upon the
protesters, who are described as rioters responsible for chaos and the
West by abandoning Mubarak.
- New York Times focused on its suggested solutions on the need to
Mubarak to step down and West support the protesters and allow the
Islamists to participate in political life. While Haaretz concentrated in
its solutions on leaving the protesters Tahrir Square, for life to go
back to normal and the necessity for supporting Mubarak by the West
and establishing economic reformations.
- The coverage of Haaretz has been changed toward the events of the
revolution after the resignation of former President Hosni Mubarak
and ceding power to the military. Haaretz describes it as a revolution
and uprising and returns its causes to political reasons in the first
place by focusing on the failure of Mubarak and his regime in the
management of the country where it began emphasizing the
corruption and the emergency law, political oppression and tyranny as
reasons for the outbreak of the revolution. Haaretz has taken the
position of the revolution and the revolutionaries after stepping down
after the Israeli satisfaction of taking the Egyptian army the power
and pledge to fulfill all of Egypt’s international treaties, which has
become clear in the statements of Israeli officials during that period.
The New York Times Continued in supporting the revolution.
8- The conflict and responsibility frames have dominated in the
newspapers’ coverage of Egyptian affairs.
9- The main arguments, that every newspaper relies upon, have been
varied leading to contrast in sub-categories and proofs used to denote