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Abstract Nanostructured materials are becoming of major significance and the technology of their production and uses are rapidly growing into a powerful industry. The purpose of this work was to develop simple methods to prepare novel nanostructured materials and to explore their properties and applications. Conducting polymers (CPs) have emerged as an important class of electronic materials because of their potential applications. Among these, PANI has been considered as an extremely interesting polymer. In spite of the large number of applications of PANI, there are some drawbacks of PANI such as the low adsorption characteristics [244] and the poor processability. These drawbacks have hindered some of the practical applications and hence, many studies have focused on improving the properties of PANI including the dispersion of PANI to improve its processability, the chemical modification of the aniline monomer [295], the doping of PANI with functionalized organic acids [296], the elaboration of PANI nanostructures [244], and the formation of PANI nanocomposites [297]. In the latter studies, the incorporating of PANI into natural polymeric materials has been studied [298]. Chitosan (Chs), a natural polysaccharide compound has containing the functional groups –OH and NH2, and possessing many promising properties such as good film-forming ability, high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Therefore, Chs has been widely used as a matrix for drug delivery systems [299], for the removal of heavy, transition metals and dyes [300]. |