الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has become one of the major public health and economic problems in Egypt. Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence has increased in Egypt as a part of itsworldwide spread. The global epidemic of people with diabetes is largely due to population growth, aging, dietary habits, urbanization, and the prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity
World health organization defined obesity as a medical condition in which excess body fat accumulated to the extent that it may harm human health. Obesity is an important risk factor for a broad spectrum of body diseases as type 2 DM. In particular, abdominal obesity is more closely associated with risk of disease than general obesity.
Obesity is evaluated by many obesity anthropometric measurements and indices, anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, circumferences and skin fold thicknesses. Anthropometric indices and ratios such as; body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WHtR).
Anthropometric measurements and indices are simple, practical, clinically available, and cost-effective screening techniques. They provide important information on body composition in chronic diseases. They used to assess growth, nutritional status and health; it is similarly used to predict survival of a population group. Body weight and stature are the most commonly recorded anthropometric variables, they reflect body fatness. Generally they measured with sufficient accuracy. Body weight is a composite measure of total body size. It is a gross measure of the mass of body fluids, and serial measurements of weight can denote a change in body constitutes. Circumferences of the body (mid-arm, waist, hip, mid-thigh and calf) are measures of muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue and bone. Also measurements of skin fold thicknesses are of interest for workers in the field of human anthropometry.