الفهرس 
NORMAL RENAL ANATOMY AND RELEVANT RENAL ANOMALIESOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
T
urner syndrome is considered as one of the most common genetic disorder of females characterized by total or partial loss of one of sex chromosome.
Renal anomalies are considered as the second most common congenital anomalies in patients with Turner syndrome after cardiovascular anomalies.
Renal anomalies are associated with an increase the morbidity and mortality of Turner patients. So early diagnosis and treatment is mandatory to improve the quality of life.
Most of renal anomalies detected previously by ultrasound scan and intravenous urography were structural and anatomical. These anomalies detected in about 30% of turner patients.
The abnormalities detected by renal scintigraphy include decrease in total GFR, abnormal split renal function, obstructive nephropathy or uropathy or non visualization of one kidney as well as poor renal perfusion to abnormal renogram.
In the current study these anomalies detected in about 44% of patients. Most of these anomalies were functional, which indicate early nephropathy or nephrouropathy which could not be detected by other modalities as U/S and pyelography. Further urologist consultation is mandatory with further follow-up and further investigations then early treatment.
So scintigraphy is considered as a very sensitive method for early functional changes which indicate early nephropathy.
However, it is not operator dependant & subjective as ultrasound, it is also relatively cheap and non invasive technique with minimal radiation dose and provides an accurate estimation of GFR.
Renal anomalies including structural and functional together were detected in more than 40% of patients which need further specification and study.
1st line methods like U/S which used for investigation of patient with Turner patients may lead to under estimation of renal anomalies and useful only in structural and obvious anatomical anomalies.