الفهرس 
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Abstract
A construction of structures on soft clay soil is a problematic issue. Soft soil
need to be improved, so that engineers can successfully carry out their buildings
on it with adequate factor of safety.
This research is directed to study the improvement of soft clay
characteristics by using replacement soil beneath shallow foundation. Various
replacement soils are used in this study. These replacement are uniform sand,
well graded sand, gravel and gravel / sand mixtures with various mixing ratios.
Models of rectangular isolated footings of (B=6.0 cm) and different length /
width ratios directly rested on the top surface of soft clay are used to determine
the best dimension that gives the highest shear strength of tested soil. Secondly,
using different mixing ratios of sand, gravel and gravel-sand mixtures to study
influence of different depth of replacement soils over soft soil under modeled
footings.
Optimum depth of replacement soils and mixing ratios were obtained from
experimental study. The work revealed that soil replacement depth / footing
width ratio of 1.5 and the mixture of sand: gravel by 1:1 was the highest shear
strength of tested soil among all the studied ranges of ratios.